The Death of the Performed Self (Pt 2)

Freedom, Moral Formation, and Philosophy as a Rite of Rebirth

This is Part Two of The Ancient Hunger Beneath Modern Life, a series about participation, belonging, embodied wisdom, and what modern life has taught us to forget. Please note, this post will be truncated in some emails, please click “Read more” to access the entire essay.

When the Circle Closes

There is something unsettling about returning to a version of your life that once felt permanent.

Going back through these old photographs and blog posts, I could almost step inside that world again: the music, the movement, the friendships, the long drives, and the feeling of being recognized across a crowded field. For years, these people and places had helped me understand who I was. They were not simply hobbies or acquaintances orbiting an otherwise separate life. They were part of the world in which I had learned what freedom, community, individuality, and belonging were supposed to feel like.

That is what made revisiting it unexpectedly tender.

But memory changes when you know what came later.

Many of the same people I had associated with self-expression and the freedom to live differently would eventually turn on me when I expressed convictions they did not share. The upheavals of 2020 exposed something I had not wanted to see: there was tremendous room to be eccentric, spiritual, sexual, artistic, and unconventional, but considerably less room to question the moral and political assumptions holding the group together.

I first felt the circle closing while sitting on the couch in our military housing at Camp Zama in Japan, watching events unfold back home from the other side of the world.

I watched people tear down and destroy historical monuments in Richmond, Virginia, not far from where I grew up. By then I was living inside a military community, surrounded by a very different language of service, duty, order, and sacrifice. I was geographically removed from the social atmosphere many of my old friends still inhabited, and perhaps that distance allowed me to see what was happening differently.

I remember the reaction in my body before I had fully worked out the argument in my head. My stomach tightened. My palms began to sweat. I felt disgust and a strange embarrassment that this was happening so close to the place I still considered home.

My old communities began demanding allegiance to what increasingly felt like a single political script. I no longer recognized the friends and so called “tribe” which I had built so much of my identity around.

And by this point, social media was not incidental to my life.

Becoming a military spouse had physically separated me from many of the friends and communities I had accumulated over the years. Facebook and Instagram were how I stayed connected to people scattered across different cities and states. They were also where I worked. I had built my career as an online personal trainer and coach there, and my multilevel marketing business depended heavily on the same platforms. Friendship, professional identity, income, visibility, and reputation had all become strangely entangled inside the same digital space.

So what people thought of me online mattered more than I would like to admit now. These apps were not simply places I went to waste time scrolling. They had become the room where much of my social and professional life still existed.

You may think my initial reaction to being bullied online sounded absurd…and maybe it would be if you’re thinking of these as merely apps.

To me, they were not.

They were where years of photographs and memories lived, and where a public identity I had spent years constructing was suddenly being turned against me. A space that had once connected me to music, travel, friendship, and community had become somewhere I entered expecting humiliation.

The disagreement itself was not what hurt most. It was watching people who knew me join in so easily, as if my dignity stopped mattering the moment I landed on the wrong side of an issue.

The dogpile confirmed something I had felt for years: maybe I had never been held as securely inside these communities as I wanted to believe. Even during my years in Portland, I often hovered near the edges of friendship circles instead of living at their center. I remember lonely days off, knowing people were heading to the coast, the hot springs, or some other adventure I had not been invited to join.

The community gave me real friendship, joy, beauty, and belonging. I refuse to rewrite those years as though none of it mattered. I can also still admit how often I adjusted myself to remain acceptable.

Once I admitted that, I had a choice. I could stay quiet, repeat what I was expected to believe, and let other people decide the boundaries of acceptable thought. Or I could accept what might happen if I refused to perform agreement.

I chose the loneliness.

At first, it felt almost like social suicide. It also created tension in my closest relationships. The people who loved me wanted to protect me from what seemed to happen every time I spoke publicly about something controversial. From their perspective, the solution was simple: stay quiet. If no one knew what I believed, I would stop giving people reasons to turn against me.

But silence did not feel neutral to me. It felt like one more way to abandon myself.

I do not regret speaking. When I imagine looking back on my life as an old woman, I know I will be grateful that I said something when I believed it mattered.

Still, there was a cost.

These photographs remind me how many people were once in my life and how much smaller my social world has become. I know what a community can give us. I also know what happens when belonging depends upon hiding the parts of ourselves a group has decided not to tolerate.

I am no longer willing to purchase belonging that way.


If your sense of belonging depends on one-sided ideological conformity, with no room for nuance or freedom of thought, you are not part of a community. You are a cog in a crude machine—and that machine will discard you the moment you fall outside its range of tolerance. —Olympia Mahr


Festival culture was not the only place where I encountered this pattern. Around the same time, I began recognizing how much of my identity had been tied to Isagenix and the multilevel-marketing world. That community had given me encouragement, certainty, recognition, and the feeling that many people knew my name. When I spoke openly about the ways I believed the system had exploited me, plenty of people did not want to hear it. Some seemed unable to understand why I could not just admit that I knew better now and move on.

Leaving one system does not automatically heal the hunger that drew us into it.

The loss left an enormous hole, and Christianity entered through it.

At first, Christianity seemed to offer everything I had been craving: forgiveness, certainty, moral order, love, healing, and the promise that all the chaos of my life could finally be gathered into one coherent story. I wanted to do it correctly. I studied theology intensely and moved deeper into Reformed doctrine because I believed one of those competing systems had to be right. I just needed to find it and submit myself fully enough.

Then I encountered doctrinal triage, the sorting of beliefs into matters Christians could disagree about and matters that determined whether someone remained fully acceptable inside the community.

I had originally been baptized in the name of Jesus alone by a Oneness Pentecostal group. After joining a Reformed church, I was told that my baptism did not count because it had not been Trinitarian. I could no longer receive the Lord’s Supper, even though I had already taken it during my first weeks there.

The message felt familiar: belonging had conditions I had not understood when I entered.

When I lined up these chapters of my life—festival culture, Portland progressivism, multilevel marketing, diet culture, bodybuilding, and Christianity—I saw the same needs being met again and again: identity, certainty, recognition, moral language, and belonging. The worlds themselves were radically different. The risk of questioning their boundaries felt familiar.

I am not looking for a community without convictions. I do not believe every moral disagreement is trivial, and I have no interest in manufacturing intimacy with people whose vision of life is fundamentally incompatible with my own. I want like-minded people around me. I want enough shared moral ground that we can actually build something together.

I also need room for hard questions, intellectual honesty, and disagreement without humiliation. A community can have boundaries without coercing or degrading people who ask difficult questions. I want to be around people with convictions who do not immediately turn disagreement into dogpiling. And I will not betray myself just to remain welcome.

Ancient ideas have always fascinated me, of course, but curiosity was not the only reason I turned toward the old understanding of philosophy as a rite of rebirth. I was trying to figure out what parts of me remained after an entire social, spiritual, and moral identity collapsed. How was I supposed to rebuild without handing my conscience over to another system?


Freedom Without Formation

Hercules at the Crossroads Freedom is not merely the existence of choice, but the formation of character capable of choosing well.

After so many systems had promised to transform me, I began asking what transformation even meant.

I had changed my body, diet, politics, spiritual language, beliefs, and social circles. I kept entering new worlds hoping this one might finally make me whole. Each came with its own authorities, practices, taboos, vocabulary, and picture of who I could become if I followed the program correctly.

I eventually had to admit how easy it is to change identities without changing the pattern underneath. We can carry the same wounds, compulsions, and hunger for approval into a completely different community, learn all the right words, and mistake the intensity of conversion for wisdom because everything feels new.

That forced me to reconsider one of the most persistent moral slogans of modern life:

You do you.

For years, those words sounded compassionate and enlightened to me. I believed refusing judgment was the same thing as kindness. What someone did with their body, sexuality, money, health, or private life was presumed to be no one else’s concern as long as everyone involved consented and no immediate harm could be demonstrated.

Freedom meant removing constraints. The individual was sovereign, self-defining, and entitled to follow whatever desires arose from within.

I no longer believe any of us are that isolated.

Our desires do not appear in a vacuum. Families, wounds, friendships, industries, technologies, institutions, incentives, and the surrounding moral atmosphere all help shape them. We imitate what is modeled. We learn what is normal from what receives approval. Long before we have the judgment to examine any of it, we are absorbing ideas about liberation, beauty, sexuality, success, and fulfillment.

Even the self we call “authentic” has a history.

Culture does more than permit behavior. It helps form people. When an industry profits from a particular vision of empowerment, its financial incentives can disappear behind the language of individual choice. Once a behavior is publicly celebrated as liberation, questioning it begins to look like cruelty. Enough supposedly private decisions can change expectations, relationships, and the moral imagination of an entire society.

My own life makes it impossible for me to keep this argument abstract.

I once understood sex work almost entirely through the language of autonomy and empowerment. The people around me treated it as normal, even enviable. My mother told me she wished she had done it when she was younger. My sister was successful at it. My friends offered no meaningful resistance. Portland handed me an entire vocabulary through which commodifying sexuality could be framed as bold, liberated, and transgressive.

I made those choices. I own that.

I also know the person making them had been shaped by her family, her need for approval, her relationship with her body, the promise of money, and a culture that treated freedom as overcoming shame and refusing restraint. Owning my decisions does not require me to lie about the conditions surrounding them.

Years later, as a wife trying to build an enduring life with another person, I understood the consequences differently. Choices once praised as empowering had left marks on my ability to trust, attach, and understand intimacy. The language available to me at the time had plenty to say about my freedom to choose. It said very little about the person those choices might slowly form me into.

That question followed me through bodybuilding, multilevel marketing, New Age spirituality, and Christianity. Did the practices I submitted to actually make me freer? Bodybuilding fed my compulsions. The MLM world exploited my need to be seen. Other teachings encouraged me to treat struggle as evidence that I had not surrendered enough. Christianity gave me moral certainty for a while, but it also trained me to distrust my own questions.

Simply choosing something does not mean it increases our freedom.

The slogan assumes the self already knows what is good. Desire is treated as trustworthy because it feels personal. Yet desire can be trained by injury, appetite, commercial manipulation, social pressure, and the desperate need to belong. Sometimes the choice that feels most authentic is an old wound repeating itself in a new form.

This brought me back to the argument I explored in The Fragility of Freedom. A free society cannot survive through laws and procedures alone. It needs people capable of judgment, restraint, responsibility, courage, loyalty, and concern for something beyond immediate appetite. A republic can guarantee rights and limit government. It cannot legislate the character required to use freedom well.

So the political question cannot end with, What should people be legally permitted to do? We also have to ask what kind of person is capable of exercising that freedom without being ruled by appetite, compulsion, resentment, propaganda, commercial incentives, or the approval of the crowd.

Aristotle understood virtue as a capacity formed through repeated practice. Courage, temperance, generosity, responsibility, and sound judgment become part of us through habit. Anything that can be cultivated can also be neglected, distorted, or lost.

Political disagreements can therefore reach far beneath policy. People draw upon care, fairness, loyalty, authority, liberty, and the sacred, but we do not all weigh those concerns the same way. Sometimes we are not merely reaching different conclusions. We are measuring reality with different moral frameworks.

A culture organized almost entirely around liberation from constraint eventually loses the language to explain why restraint can be good. Discipline begins to look like repression. Every limit starts to resemble oppression, and we stop asking what the limit was meant to protect in the first place.

“The ancients held that there is nothing that cannot be cured by philosophy and theurgy.”

Philosophy as a Rite of Rebirth by Algis Uždavinys

The Older Purpose of Philosophy

Raphael’s School of Athens.

That question of formation sent me looking for an older understanding of philosophy.

After Christianity, the last thing I wanted was another belief system demanding my allegiance. What I found in the work of Algis Uždavinys was a completely different account of what philosophy had once been for.

Uždavinys argues that the modern world has largely lost the participatory understanding of reality found in ancient philosophy. In his account, the Protestant legacy and the emergence of modernity helped move truth into the isolated individual mind. Philosophy became preoccupied with the solitary thinker questioning, doubting, analyzing, and trying to establish with certainty that anything outside the mind existed at all.

For Plato, Plotinus, Iamblichus, and the traditions that followed them, philosophy was concerned with what the pursuit of wisdom did to the soul. Reality was sacred, ordered, hierarchical, and meaningful. The soul was not sealed inside a private psychological world. It could participate in realities beyond its immediate appetites, opinions, fears, and social conditioning.

Philosophy involved contemplation, purification, discipline, initiation, sacred rites, and a change in one’s entire way of living. Knowing more was not enough. The philosopher was supposed to become capable of seeing and living differently.

My friend Brado approaches this through the concept of mediation: everything that stands between us and direct experience. Words, explanations, arguments, and even the thoughts inside our own heads can communicate something real, but they are still representations of an experience.

As he writes:

“This type of knowledge then, as it cannot be verbalized, it similarly cannot be rationalized either. As existence is surely affected by this type of knowledge rather than the other type we discussed—the knowledge mediated by discursive intellect—it can be jarring to consider that the knowing we attain from reading a word on a page or thinking a thought in our head is not the same as the knowing [we] receive from experience.”

This does not make reason useless. Discursive thought allows us to analyze, compare, question, build, and communicate. It simply cannot deliver every kind of knowing by itself.

Brado distinguishes between wisdom acquired as information and wisdom that must be received through encounter. We may prepare through study, discipline, and reflection. At some point, however, the idea has to become lived reality.

That was the philosophical form of something my body had already taught me through music, injury, repetition, and movement. Certain things cannot be transferred intact from one mind to another. They have to be entered.


Philo-sophia (the love of wisdom) was an art of seeing, loving, understanding, and living. Its purpose was not merely to construct arguments, master technical language, or accumulate information about what earlier philosophers had believed. It was a discipline of transformation that shaped perception, character, conduct, and one’s relationship with death. Wisdom had to be practiced until it became embodied. The measure of philosophy was the kind of life it produced.


Uždavinys describes its telos as a radical transformation of thought and existence in pursuit of wisdom.

The Platonic and Aristotelian traditions did not assume every desire represented the authentic self. They asked whether our desires were ordered toward what was genuinely good, beautiful, and life-giving. Freedom included liberation from confusion, compulsion, false appearances, and domination by the lower parts of ourselves.

That is far more demanding than telling me to express myself. It asks what kind of self I am becoming. Are my desires making me more lucid, courageous, capable of love, and responsible to the living world around me? A choice can be legal and sincerely felt and still lead me away from wisdom.

Adopting one more ideology could never answer that question for me. I did not need a new identity to perform or a collection of ancient ideas decorating the same unexamined life. I needed practices capable of changing how I perceived, desired, judged, and lived.

“Therefore, a philosophical journey is the mimetic and ritual-like journey of the hero, like Heracles and Orpheus, to the Netherworld, the Egyptian Duat, where all the opposites meet. This is the process of ‘dying before death’ and resurrection.”

—Algis Uždavinys, Philosophy as a Rite of Rebirth

What Must Die

Psyche Carried to Olympus Follower of Marcantonio Raimondi after Raphael

When I think about rebirth in my own life, I do not imagine becoming an entirely different person. I think about the gradual death of the person I constructed in order to survive.

Growing up inside an authoritarian household, I learned early that parental love could be conditional, discipline could mean pain, and trust could leave me exposed. I became self-reliant because I had to. That kind of self-reliance has a cost.

“I believe, toxic shame is a type of emotional flashback in which we view ourselves with the same disgust we saw reflected in our parents’ faces whenever they acted as if they were repulsed by us. Toxic shame freezes us in the fear, mortification, and hopelessness of our most traumatic times in childhood. To the degree, that our parents acted as if they couldn’t stand the side of us, to that same degree are we prone to toxic shame, attacks of feeling bad, worthless, and ugly. Parents routinely use toxic shame to dismiss children’s needs and to extinguish their ability to assert themselves and protest (or even notice) abuse and neglect.” —Pete Walker, The Tao of Fully Feeling—Harvesting forgiveness out of blame

The need for control, the drive for perfection, the desperate desire to become good enough to earn love—these were not random personality traits. They were ways of navigating a world in which I never felt securely seen, safe, or understood.

They followed me into adulthood. I tried to control my body through eating disorders and bodybuilding. I tried to control how other people perceived me through achievement, performance, and reinvention. Certainty felt like safety, so I entered communities that promised it. Again and again, I hoped that if I became the right kind of person, the old feeling of not being securely loved might finally disappear.

And so what I have learned… is my intensity does not have to die. Neither does my capacity to feel deeply or my desire for beauty, discipline, belonging, and meaning. I need to let go of the fantasy that I can fill that old absence by becoming impressive enough, obedient enough, beautiful enough, spiritually correct enough, politically acceptable enough, or perfectly understood.

There is a useful name for another illusion wrapped up in this: the end-of-history illusion. We can look backward and recognize how profoundly we have changed while imagining that the person we are now is somehow the finished version.

I can see it all through my own life. Each new world felt like an arrival. This is it. The right body. The right community. The right politics. The right spiritual vocabulary. The explanation that would finally gather every scattered piece of my life together.

I knew I had changed dramatically before arriving there. Somehow I still believed this newest self was the one I had been moving toward all along.

Of course she was not finished. I am not finished now either.

That does not mean every change is positive growth or that our values should be endlessly disposable. It means the direction of our formation matters because we are never standing still.

I can now see a difference between conversion and transformation. Conversion can change our vocabulary very quickly. Transformation is slower, less glamorous, and much harder to perform for an audience.

It shows up in steadier values, discernment, self-command, courage, and the ability to remain rooted when someone disagrees. It allows me to listen without disappearing and stand firmly without needing everyone around me to confirm that I am standing in exactly the right place.

I no longer imagine the performed self dying in one grand initiatory moment. It dies in small decisions: when I refuse to punish myself, trust what I have actually observed, remain honest despite the possibility of rejection, or stay in relationship without abandoning myself inside it.

In the Platonic language that has helped me understand this, rebirth changes perception. The frightened, grasping, passion-bound self loses its absolute claim over us, making room for something more lucid to participate in a greater order of reality.

For me, philosophy is the work of becoming able to see.

I went into the inner death and saw that outer dying is better than inner death. And I decided to die outside and live within.

– C.G. Jung, The Red Book

Divine Madness

“Divine Madness”: Roman cameo of a dancing maenad, 1st century CE.

In Part One, I wrote about learning through the body—about the moment a hula hoop stops being something you are consciously controlling and becomes something your body simply knows how to move with.

For years, ecstatic dance gave me access to another kind of knowing. The ritual container could create the conditions for something to happen, but it could not guarantee that it would. Music, ceremony, movement, and community could prepare the ground. Some Sundays remained simply joyful afternoons of dancing. Others opened into something I still struggle to describe.

Participation is not a vending machine for transcendence. Ritual can orient us toward an experience without forcing the experience to occur.

I could go week after week and have a beautiful time dancing, sweating, moving, seeing friends, and being carried by good music. Then there were certain Sundays when something else happened.

I still cannot fully explain what made the difference.

Sometimes it seemed to be the DJ or the particular arc of the music. Sometimes it was the combination of people who gathered that day. Anyone who has spent enough time in spaces like this knows the people in the room change the room. The energy could build on itself until I could no longer separate my individual experience from whatever was happening collectively.

Sociology gives us the term collective effervescence for the heightened energy that can emerge when people gather in shared ritual, movement, rhythm, and attention.

From a Heathen perspective, I also think about megin: power or vitality that does not belong only to an isolated individual, but can gather and move through relationship and communal participation.

Whatever language I use, I know the difference between having a wonderful time and entering a genuinely ecstatic state.

In those moments, ordinary self-consciousness fell away. I stopped experiencing music as something coming toward me from outside. My body was no longer selecting a sequence of movements. At a certain point, I was not listening to the music anymore. I was inside it.

My body knew what to do before I could think about it.

Those experiences come closest to what Plato described as divinely inspired madness.

Roman stucco relief of a maenad with a tympanum.

By madness, I am not talking about chaos for its own sake or the idea that anything erupting spontaneously from within us must be authentic and sacred. Plato was describing a state in which the ordinary calculating mind loosens its grip and another way of knowing becomes possible.

The ritual container mattered.

We opened together.

We danced together.

We closed together.

The room, the music, the people, the repetition of returning Sunday after Sunday, and the shared expectation that we had gathered to move instead of watch gave form to something I could not have produced alone.

Sometimes afterward I took the microphone and tried to describe what had happened. I can see now that part of that impulse came from my lifelong desire to be seen and understood. I have always had big feelings and a powerful need to give those feelings somewhere to go.

But that was not all of it.

I was trying to bring something back.

Something had happened through participation, and I wanted words for it. The words always came second.


What the Word Can Carry

Georg von Rosen, Odin as Wanderer (1886).

Writing has become one of the primary ways I make sense of my life. It takes something living as memory, sensation, grief, confusion, or half-formed insight and gives it enough shape for me to encounter it from another angle. It creates distance without necessarily cutting me off from what happened.

The writing is still not the experience.

Recently, a friend reminded me that writing does not have to be merely confessional or testimonial. It can function as external memory, a way of placing meaning outside ourselves so we can meet it again later and discover that we have changed.

The story of Odin and the runes captures something similar. Odin is not simply handed information. He hangs for nine nights upon the tree, wounded by a spear, “myself to myself,” without food or drink. Only through the ordeal does he perceive and take up the runes.

“Then I began to quicken and be wise,
and to grow and to prosper;
one word from another word found a word for me,
one deed from another deed found a deed for me.”

Hávamál, stanza 141, in The Poetic Edda, translated by Carolyne Larrington (2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 2014), p. 32.

The marks themselves can be inscribed. They can exist outside the person, carried across distance and time. But the story does not confuse possession of the symbol with possession of wisdom. Odin has to become capable of knowing what the symbol contains.

At this point of the essay, I must say it is a little ridiculous to be writing an essay on forms of knowledge that cannot be contained inside of it.

I can tell you about ecstatic dance. I can describe the DJ, the sweat, the ceremony, the people moving beside me, and those strange days when something emerged from the group that no single person brought into the room.

I cannot put that experience inside your body.

Anyone I have ever taught to hoop eventually reaches the limit of my instructions. I can demonstrate, adjust their stance, point to their feet, and explain how to shift their weight. Eventually their body has to find it.

And then, suddenly, the hoop stays up.

They know.

That is the wisdom of participation I was reaching toward in Part One. Some things become knowable only from inside the act itself.

This is also why I continue to write. I can preserve memory, notice patterns between experiences that happened decades apart, and leave markers for myself. I can return later and understand the same words differently because I am different.

Good writing may even point another person toward an experience they have to enter for themselves.

Maybe it’s that the best words can do, is to show us where to look.

“If we cannot give a true account of ourselves and our doings it will mean that our actions have been ‘as you like it’, reckless and informal rather than to the point and in good form.” *

Becoming More Alive

Odysseus returning to Penelope, Greek terracotta plaque, ca. 460–450 BCE — after ordeal and wandering, the final movement is not escape but return.

If becoming more alive is the goal, then I still have to ask what kind of life is worth building.

If I no longer believe you do you is an adequate moral philosophy, but I also refuse to surrender my conscience to another authority simply because it promises certainty, how do I decide what is good?

An older understanding of wisdom makes that question more demanding. In much of classical philosophy, to know was to be. Wisdom was not something one simply possessed because one had encountered the correct argument, read the correct book, or even undergone an extraordinary experience. The knower had to be changed.

That shifts the question. It is not only, What do I know? It is, What kind of person am I becoming through what I claim to know?

I keep returning to this particular distinction: a life shaped merely by preference versus a life given form.

Freedom cannot mean that I never have to account for what I choose. If anything, freedom places a greater responsibility on me to ask whether my actions have direction, coherence, and some relationship to what is actually good.

So now I ask what a belief, practice, or way of living does to a person over time. Does it agree with biological and material reality, or does it ask me to deny what is plainly there? What happens when it is repeated for years instead of experienced for an afternoon? What kind of relationships does it produce? Who bears the consequences? Does it cultivate courage, responsibility, reciprocity, restraint, loyalty, honesty, and care for something beyond immediate appetite?

I have also started to value tradition. That does not make everything inherited good. It means I no longer assume one isolated mind can reconstruct a wise way of life from scratch. Traditions can carry generations of observation about human nature, family, obligation, reciprocity, sex, death, community, and meaning. We should understand what they are protecting before we casually discard them.

Tradition is not an infallible oracle either. I look toward biology, history, anthropology, sociology, lived consequences, virtue, and human flourishing. None can relieve me of judgment. Together, they demand far more than asking whether something feels authentic in the moment.

Lately, becoming more alive has looked almost embarrassingly ordinary. It means doing the dishes while actually inhabiting the moment instead of treating the task as an obstacle between me and whatever comes next. Walking slowly enough to notice what is around me. Preparing food with gratitude. Tending living things. Keeping a promise. Paying attention to the season. Putting my hands into the earth. Moving my body. Writing something true.

It also means learning what my body needs when I am overwhelmed. Sometimes I do not need another explanation. It’s somatic engagement like pressure, warmth, touch, or breathwork. I am learning how to remain honorable in relationship when it would be easier to punish, manipulate, withdraw, or perform.

There was a time when I searched for transformation through intensity. A new body. A new community. A new spiritual identity. A new doctrine. A new explanation that could make everything that hurt finally make sense.

I also found aliveness somewhere else too. As I wrote in Part One:

“We planned entire summers around gathering beneath stages and temporary tents. We drove for days to arrive somewhere that would exist for only a weekend, then disappear almost as quickly as it had formed.”

Those temporary worlds gave me music, movement, friendship, collective energy, and a kind of belonging I often struggled to find elsewhere. All of that was real. I would never diminish it.

There was an escapist edge to it too.

If the place where I felt most at home existed only for a weekend, what did that make the rest of my life?

Normal life could become the grind between festivals. Work, chores, obligations, and ordinary days were things to get through so I could afford the next tour, the next gathering, the next temporary return to myself.

What startled me while rereading my old blogs was finding a younger version of myself already wrestling with this exact problem. In 2010, after writing about staying sober at festivals, struggling with hip pain, and realizing how much I loved my work and routine, I blurted out:

“I realized that I am happier after having a great workout than I am at a music festival. whoa-wait-WHAT? I am happier living my normal routine of working as a personal trainer and teaching Hoop Classes?? How blessed am I? My real life is so incredible, i don’t need to run away for 4-5 days, indulge in drug consumption to feel happy?! wow.”

Reading that now almost made me laugh. I was already saying this back then! A younger me could feel this in her body before I had the philosophical language to explain it.

Knowing something once does not mean we know how to build an entire life around it. I lost and rediscovered that lesson through bodybuilding, multilevel marketing, Christianity, illness, political rupture, and every other identity I tried to make into a permanent home.

Now I think rebirth may be much less dramatic than another conversion. It may be the slow formation of a life I can actually inhabit.

I do not want to organize my life around the next escape. I want to bring participation, beauty, ritual, and aliveness into the days I once thought I had to get through. I want to return to my body and ordinary life, perceive what is already sacred here, and participate in relationship without abandoning myself.

That brings me back to the hunger underneath this entire series.

I thought I was writing about hooping. Then it was writing about festivals, ritual, community, religion, philosophy, and the strange succession of selves I have inhabited.

Underneath all of it was the same question:

How do we become fully present participants in our own lives?

I am no longer looking for a system that will tell me exactly who I must become. I am trying to become capable of meeting life, in all of its beauty, obligations, grief, mystery, pleasure, limits, and loss, with enough discernment and courage to participate in it fully.

Maybe rebirth has nothing to do with leaving this world for another one. Maybe it means returning to this one more alive.


Thank you so much for reading or listening! The audio always includes a few extra nuggets that aren’t in the written version, so give it a listen when you can. I’d love to hear your thoughts in the comments!

Taste of Truth is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.

*Ananda K. Coomaraswamy Atmayajna: Self-Sacrifice: Selected Papers. Metaphysics, ed. Roger Lipsey, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987, p.137

Articles mentioned or that influenced this series:

From Conspiracy to Cult

Beyond the Crunchy-to-Alt-Right Pipeline

What Consenting Adults Do Is Our Concern

The Fragility of Freedom

Consent is not enough: The Harsh Realities of Sex Work

From Diary Entries to Digital Screens

The Way of the Gods: Clarifying Paganism

Power Through Truth

Modality and Media

First Principles: Distinction and Differentiation

Mediation, Myth and Mystery

The Weight of Our Word

“Truth can be both our shield and sword in the battle of life.”

There are people who influence us not only through what they teach, but through the manner in which they live what they teach.

Over the last several months, my friend Torna Braggison has offered me a remarkable degree of openness, patience, friendship, and spiritual guidance. He has answered my many questions, challenged me to think more deeply, and helped me better understand a Heathen worldview that cannot be reduced to symbolism, abstract belief, or solitary spiritual consumption.

Torna is the author of Power Through Truth, an exploration of the relationship between sacred breath, truthful speech, oath-keeping, honor, and spiritual power within the Heathen tradition.

His guidance has continually returned me to something more demanding: conduct.

  • How do we speak?
  • What do we promise?
  • Do our actions uphold our words?
  • Can the people closest to us trust what comes out of our mouths?
  • What happens to us (personally, socially, and spiritually) when they cannot?

What if truth is not merely something we believe, but something we breathe, speak, promise, remember, and live?

Ask and Embla, Robert Engels, 1919. Odin’s gift of Ond—the sacred breath that gives life and carries the spoken word.

Truth Is Not Merely an Idea

Modern people are accustomed to treating truth primarily as a matter of intellectual agreement.

We ask whether a proposition is correct, whether a doctrine is factual, or whether someone possesses the proper beliefs. Religion often becomes a matter of assenting to particular claims. Politics becomes a competition between competing narratives. Online identity becomes a collection of publicly declared values.

But declaring a value is not the same as embodying it.

A person can speak endlessly about compassion while behaving cruelly. Someone can build an identity around authenticity while lying to the people closest to them. A spiritual leader can speak of love, healing, transcendence, and divine truth while refusing accountability for the damage caused by their conduct.

Words alone do not prove character.

Within the framework Torna presents, however, words are not inconsequential. They are not merely sounds, opinions, or disposable expressions. They are carried upon the sacred breath and given force through the character and intention of the speaker.

Torna describes Ond as the sacred breath of life, the divine spark gifted by Odin. Our words ride upon that breath, and when we speak, we give those words a kind of life. Their quality is connected to the truth, intention, and honor of the person speaking them.

Speech therefore becomes more than communication.

It becomes participation.

We breathe something of ourselves into the world.

The Breath Behind the Word

In Völuspá, Odin’s gift to Ask and Embla includes Ond—the animating breath without which they do not yet fully possess life. Torna connects this sacred breath to speech, creativity, ecstatic power, ritual, galdr, and the ability to shape reality through will and expression.

This does not mean that every passing sentence is a magical incantation in the theatrical or New Age sense.

It means that speech carries consequences.

Words can establish trust or destroy it. They can bind people together, orient a community, transmit memory, establish obligation, inspire courage, or leave another person spiritually and emotionally disoriented. A truthful word spoken at the right moment can restore someone’s sense of reality. A deliberate lie can make another person doubt their own perception.

Our words affect the world because other people must live inside the reality those words help create.

This is one reason truth matters so deeply to me.

I do not want truth to remain an attractive principle I discuss in essays or podcasts. I want the people in my life to know that my word means something. I want to follow through when I make a commitment. I want to be honest even when honesty is uncomfortable. I want to recognize when my conduct contradicts what I have claimed and accept the responsibility of repairing what I can.

That is not always easy.

Truth as lived accountability demands more than being “right.” It demands self-examination, restraint, memory, courage, and humility. It may require us to admit that we have behaved dishonorably. It may force us to stop protecting the version of ourselves we would prefer others to believe.

Truth can defend us, but it can also cut through our own self-deception.

It is both shield and sword.

Words in the Well

One of the most compelling ideas in Torna’s article is that some words carry more weight than others.

He distinguishes between common or everyday speech, words placed “in the well” through intimate or sacred relationships, and the giving of formal oaths. Each carries a different degree of personal, communal, and spiritual consequence.

We all understand this intuitively.

Telling a cashier that we are “fine” when we are having a terrible day does not carry the same moral weight as lying to a spouse, deceiving a close friend, betraying a confidant, or breaking a solemn vow.

The closer the relationship, the more of ourselves we place behind the word.

Words spoken to those who trust us become part of a shared memory. They shape how another person understands us, themselves, and the relationship between us. Words spoken during ritual enter the memory of the group. Stories told by the skald or bard help shape a people’s understanding of their ancestors, heroes, virtues, and obligations.

These are words placed into the well.

The well can be understood as Mímir’s well, ancestral memory, cultural memory, or the accumulated memory of the community. What is spoken does not simply disappear after the vibration leaves the air. It continues through consequence, reputation, story, recollection, and relationship.

A truthful word can strengthen the speaker and those who hear it.

A dishonest word can poison the well.

“The Spiritual Weight of an Oath”: John Bauer, Tyr and Fenrir

The Spiritual Weight of an Oath

An oath carries the greatest weight because an oath is not merely a prediction about what we hope to do.

It is an act of binding.

Torna describes an oath as something given life through sacred breath and powered by the will. The oath involves not only the person who gives it, but the recipient, the witnesses, the place, and the spiritual powers invoked or present. Until it is fulfilled or broken, the oath continues to possess force.

This is almost incomprehensible within a culture of casual promises.

We say, “I’ll call you tomorrow,” “I’ll always be there,” “You can trust me,” or “I swear I’ll change,” often with little awareness of the weight those statements carry for the person receiving them.

Our society encourages constant speech while teaching very little discipline of speech.

We post immediate reactions. We make dramatic declarations. We promise more than we can deliver. We publicly perform virtues we have not yet cultivated privately. We use language to manage how others perceive us, then become resentful when we are held accountable to the identity we presented.

A Heathen understanding of oath asks us to become more careful.

  • Do not promise lightly.
  • Do not offer your word merely to relieve the discomfort of the present moment.
  • Do not invoke trust when you are unwilling to behave in a trustworthy manner.

The answer is not to become silent, emotionally unavailable, or terrified of commitment. It is to understand that a promise contains part of the self. When we repeatedly keep our word, we become someone whose speech possesses weight. When we continually break it, our words become thin and useless.

Eventually, no one believes us… and that isn’t because they are cruel, but because we have taught them not to.

Honor Is Accumulated

Torna connects the keeping of oaths with Hamingja, a concept often translated as luck but also associated with honor, power, fortune, and the accumulated strength of the self.

This is not luck imagined as random cosmic favor.

It is closer to luck that has been cultivated.

A person who consistently acts with integrity develops trusted relationships, a dependable reputation, communal support, and an internal sense of coherence. Their words and actions reinforce each other. They become spiritually and socially substantial.

Keeping one’s word strengthens the whole self, while dishonorable conduct weakens it.

We might recognize this even without using explicitly spiritual language.

A trustworthy person is often surrounded by people willing to help them because they have proven that help will not be wasted. Their reputation opens doors. Their community remembers their conduct. When hardship comes, they are not entirely alone.

This is not always fair or perfectly reciprocal. Honorable people can still be betrayed, harmed, or abandoned. But the larger principle remains: character accumulates.

So does dishonor.

Every promise kept or broken becomes part of the person we are becoming.

Truth as Communal Participation

Truth is often framed as an individual possession: my truth, my beliefs, my authenticity.

But Torna’s article presents truth as profoundly relational.

As a bard and skald, he writes that believing in the moral truth of a story allows the teller to connect with those listening. Honest words can create a communal experience in which teller, listener, folk, hero, deity, moral teaching, place, and ancestral memory are brought into relationship.

Truth does not merely sit inside the mind.

It passes between people.

It is sung, remembered, witnessed, and enacted.

This is where the concept becomes essential to The Wisdom of Participation. Traditional cultures did not generally understand humans as isolated consumers of spiritual information. People gathered. They sang. They told stories. They made vows before witnesses. They remembered their dead. They carried inherited obligations. They participated in the maintenance of a shared moral world.

The skald did not simply deliver “content.”

The community did not merely observe.

Everyone present became part of the remembering.

This is radically different from a spirituality centered on private revelation, personal vibration, or self-created metaphysical truth. The well does not belong to the isolated ego. It contains the memory of relationships—between the living, the dead, the Gods, the land, and those yet to come.

What we place into that well matters.

Bragi, Carl Emil Doepler, 1882. Bragi, the Norse god of poetry and eloquence, represents speech as sacred craft: words shaped through memory, rhythm, truth, and responsibility. The skald does not merely entertain, but gives voice to the stories and values through which a people remembers itself. Public domain.

No One Can Embody Truth on Our Behalf

Christianity famously places the words “I am the way, the truth, and the life” into the mouth of Jesus.

In that worldview, truth is ultimately embodied in and accessed through a singular salvific figure. The believer is asked to place faith in that figure and the theological claims made about him.

The Heathen framework explored here places the emphasis elsewhere.

Truth is not merely a person to profess belief in. It is a standard we must demonstrate through conduct.

No savior can keep our promises for us.

No doctrine can repair the trust we have broken.

No spiritual identity can substitute for honest speech.

No declaration of belief can transform dishonorable behavior into honorable behavior.

Truth must be renewed each time we speak carefully, fulfill a commitment, admit a wrong, make recompense, resist convenient deception, or allow our actions to bear the weight of what we have claimed.

It must be breathed and lived.

The Question Before Us

My upcoming conversation with Torna Braggison will explore the relationship between Ond, speech, oath, honor, memory, galdr, storytelling, and spiritual power.

But beneath the terminology lies a deeply human question.

What kind of person does my speech reveal me to be?

Do my words give life, orientation, and trust to the people around me?

Do I make promises carelessly?

Have I confused saying the right things with becoming an honorable person?

Have I demanded truth from others while excusing dishonesty in myself?

And when I fail, am I willing to make recompense rather than simply inventing a more flattering story about what happened?

Truth is not merely the absence of false information.

It is the alignment of breath, speech, memory, promise, and deed.

It is the weight accumulated when we repeatedly prove that our words can be trusted.

It is what we place into the well.

It is what others will remember.

And it is what remains when every attractive spiritual claim has been stripped away and only our conduct is left to speak for us.


Links:

The Asatru Alliance Homepage

Power through Truth Substack article

The Lessons of Asgard WorldTree Publications, 36pgs. Completely revised, with original kennings to the Gods by Torna Braggison. An introductory study of the principle Gods & Goddesses in the lore.

Morphic Resonance and Morphic Fields – an Introduction

Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans

Consciousness and the Return of Panpsychism with Dr. David Skrbina

When the Iron Becomes an Altar

Strength and devotion with Primal Druidry

Hey Hey, Welcome back to Taste of Truth Tuesdays!

What if strength training wasn’t simply about building muscle?

What if stepping beneath a barbell could become an act of devotion?

In this episode, I sit down with Awen of Primal Druidry, whose approach to physical training challenges many of our modern assumptions about both fitness and spirituality.

For her, the gym isn’t merely a place to improve health or appearance. It becomes sacred space—a place where discipline becomes ritual, physical hardship becomes offering, and strength training becomes a way of cultivating relationship with the divine.

Throughout our conversation, we explore questions like:

  • What is Primal Druidry, and what makes it a living tradition rather than an attempt to recreate the ancient past?
  • Why has strength training become such a central part of her spiritual practice?
  • What changes when exercise becomes ritual instead of self-improvement?
  • How does physical discipline shape character, devotion, and spiritual life?
  • What does she mean when she describes receiving guidance through training?
  • How do we think carefully about deeply personal spiritual experiences without dismissing them…or accepting them uncritically?

One aspect of our discussion that I found especially compelling is the challenge it poses to a very modern assumption: that the body is simply a vehicle for the mind. Throughout history, many religious and philosophical traditions have understood bodily practices (whether fasting, pilgrimage, martial arts, dance, or manual labor) as capable of shaping the soul.

This conversation asks whether lifting weights might belong in that lineage.

Even if you don’t share her theology or spiritual framework, I think the deeper questions are worth exploring.

Can repeated physical practice become a form of prayer?

Can discipline become devotion?

Can the body become a place where meaning is discovered rather than simply performed?

Those are the questions at the heart of this conversation.

As always, the goal isn’t to tell you what to believe. It’s to explore ideas with curiosity, ask better questions, and think more deeply about the relationship between body, mind, and the search for the sacred.

Thank you for taking the time to listen/watch, comment and share. Looking forward to hearing your thoughts.

Links:

Druidic Discipline: Physicality as Spiritual Practice

https://substack.com/@primaldruidryInsta

“Pagan LARP” – Idolizing the Image

Mystery, Myth & Manipulation

Runes, Religion & the Search for the Sacred

Hey Hey, Welcome back to Taste0ftruth Tuesdays. In today’s episode we are sitting down with Tina K. of The Rune Shack to explore runes, esotericism, and Norse-Germanic spirituality, alongside my own path through New Age spirituality, Christianity, and deconstruction.


For years, I was searching.

I wandered through wellness culture, festival communities, New Age spirituality, psychedelic conversations, evangelical Christianity, and eventually the long road of deconstruction. Every step taught me something. Every community offered language for experiences that often felt deeply meaningful.

But over time, I began to wonder:

How do we know when spirituality is making us more grounded—and when it is simply helping us escape reality?

Modern spirituality often promises awakening, healing, manifestation, higher consciousness, hidden knowledge, or secret wisdom. Sometimes those ideas genuinely encourage reflection and personal growth. Other times, they can become substitutes for the harder work of living honestly, accepting limits, grieving loss, cultivating discipline, and remaining accountable to reality and to other people.

This conversation isn’t a rejection of mystery. Far from it.

I believe human beings need myth, ritual, symbol, beauty, and experiences that remind us life is deeper than material reductionism alone can explain.

The challenge for me has been learning to distinguish between mystery and manipulation.

That distinction is one reason I wanted to invite Tina K. from The Rune Shack onto the podcast. Rather than centering on a single article, this conversation explores a broader landscape of ideas:

  • What is heathen spirituality?
  • What are runes beyond their popular image?
  • What does esotericism actually mean?
  • Why can spiritual authority become dangerous?
  • What makes New Age spirituality appealing and where can it become escapist?
  • Why do so many modern spiritual movements continue to reinterpret Jesus through ideas like the cosmic Christ or Christ consciousness?
  • And perhaps the deepest question of all:

What does real spirituality actually require?

I don’t approach these questions as someone who has everything figured out.

I ask them as someone who has lived inside several different spiritual worlds and has become increasingly interested in discernment rather than certainty.

My hope is to encourage more thoughtful questions about the stories we inherit, the authorities we trust, and the practices that shape our lives.

I hope you’ll join us for the conversation. Please let me know your thoughts.

LINKS mentioned:

My interview I did with Tina Part 1 & the Part 2 (paid)

Rune Shack Radio with Torna Braggison

Tina’s article on Rune Magick in the Sagas

The Hidden Philosophies Behind the Renaissance

When Plato Returned, Religious Authority, and the Birth of Freedom of Conscience

This week I sat down with fellow Virginian Collin Conkwright of American Esoteric to discuss a topic that has deeply fascinated me: the pagan, Platonic, and esoteric currents that helped shape the Italian Renaissance.

Most of us inherit a fairly simple story. Christianity triumphs, paganism fades away, and the Renaissance eventually arrives as an artistic and cultural flowering. But history is rarely that neat.

One reason these questions interest me is because of Jan Assmann’s idea of the “Mosaic Distinction.” You’ll hear me mention this concept several times throughout the interview, so I wanted to offer more clarification here.

In simple terms, Assmann argued that many ancient religions could accommodate multiple gods, cults, and local traditions, while the Jewish Torah tradition introduced a much sharper distinction between true religion and false religion, orthodoxy and error. A topic we discuss often here, is what happens when competing worldviews are no longer seen as different paths, but as rivals in a struggle over truth itself? That tension sits quietly beneath much of what we discussed in this episode.

Our conversation centered on figures like Gemistos Plethon, the Byzantine scholar who helped reintroduce Plato to Renaissance Italy, and the remarkable recovery of ancient philosophical traditions that many assumed had long vanished. We discussed everything from Neoplatonism and intermediary spiritual beings to the preservation, destruction, and transmission of ancient texts.

One of the themes that kept resurfacing was memory. How much of the ancient world actually survived? How much was lost? And how much of what survives comes to us through institutions that may have opposed the very ideas they were preserving?

The destruction of Plethon’s Book of Laws became a particularly fascinating example. It raises a question I’ve found myself returning to often: when we’re trying to understand antiquity, are we seeing the ancient world itself, or are we seeing the ancient world through the lens of those who copied, edited, condemned, and preserved it?

A fresco in Anagni Cathedral
C.1250, illustrating the theme of Plato’s Timaeus. At the centre of the universe, the macrocosm, is a human figure, the microcosm. The surrounding circles represent the ages of man, the seasons and the four humours.

We also explored the strange relationship between Christianity and Greek philosophy. The Renaissance recovery of Plato wasn’t entirely foreign to Christian thought. Figures like Philo of Alexandria had already fused Jewish and Platonic ideas centuries before the formal development of Christian theology. In many ways, the Renaissance reopened conversations that had never fully gone away.

This is where the story becomes especially interesting to me.

The Logos language that became so central to Christianity did not emerge from nowhere. It moved through Hellenistic Judaism, and through a world already shaped by Greek philosophical categories.

For me, the broader pattern is difficult to ignore, Christianity positioned itself as transcending both Judaism and paganism while carrying important elements of both within its own intellectual framework. The irony is striking, dontcha think? The later Christian West often came to fear the return of pagan philosophy, even though portions of its own theological architecture had been built from those exact materials centuries earlier.

The Triumph of Christianity Over Paganism, by Tommaso Laureti 1585

As Laurent Guyénot puts it, perhaps too sharply for some readers, this represented

“a turning point in Western intellectual history—a Jewish coup on the Gentile mind.”

Hermes Trismegistus passing ancient wisdom to the Greeks and Egyptians. Renaissance thinkers increasingly believed that forgotten truths could be recovered through philosophy, mysticism, and ancient texts.

One unexpected moment in the conversation led to a friendly scholarly disagreement between Collin and me. We began discussing Christianity’s relationship to power and empire, and whether the alliance between Christianity and imperial authority represented a corruption of the original movement or something more deeply rooted in the tradition itself.

Collin suggested that he couldn’t imagine Jesus signing off on the imperial structures that later developed around Christianity. My immediate reaction was that I’m not entirely convinced the divide is that clean. The language of kingship, authority, judgment, obedience, dominion, and universal truth claims seems deeply embedded within both the Old and New Testaments. For me, the harder question is not whether Christianity became attached to power, but whether some of those impulses were already present from the beginning.

We didn’t solve that debate, and honestly I’m glad we didn’t.

It’s one of those conversations where reasonable people can look at the same texts and arrive at very different conclusions. I’d be curious to hear where listeners land on that question after hearing the episode.

One reason I loved Collin’s video on Thomas Jefferson and Virginia’s fight for religious freedom is because it reminds us that Americans were not merely inheriting a tidy Christian political order. They were actively trying to disentangle state power from enforced religious authority.

The “Christian nation” narrative becomes much harder to sustain once you start looking at Enlightenment thought, classical influence, religious pluralism, and Virginia’s own struggle over conscience. Early American liberty imagery drew heavily from Greece and Rome while existing within a broadly Christian culture. The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and Madison’s arguments against religious assessments did not emerge from nowhere. They emerged from centuries of debate over authority, conscience, philosophy, and the proper relationship between religion and the state.

In many ways, that’s what makes the Renaissance relevant to this conversation.

The recovery of ancient philosophy helped reopen intellectual space. Competing traditions could once again be examined. Older assumptions could be questioned. The monopoly of a single inherited worldview became increasingly difficult to maintain.

Raphael’s School of Athens places Plato and Aristotle at the center of the ancient intellectual world. Plato points upward toward transcendent realities, eternal forms, and truths beyond the material world, while Aristotle gestures downward toward observation, experience, and the world around us. The painting captures one of the great tensions in Western thought: revelation and reason, idealism and empiricism, the eternal and the earthly. The Renaissance did not merely rediscover classical art. It reopened an entire philosophical conversation that had been unfolding for nearly two thousand years.

The Renaissance itself was, in many ways, an act of remembering. Forgotten texts resurfaced. Ancient philosophers returned to the conversation. Assumptions that had gone unquestioned for centuries were examined again.

Whether we’re talking about Plato, Plethon, Christianity, paganism, religious freedom, or the preservation of knowledge itself, the same questions keep appearing. What do we inherit from the past? What do we forget? What gets preserved, and what gets lost? And perhaps most importantly, who gets to decide?

I hope you enjoy this conversation with Collin Conkwright as much as I did. As always, I’d love to hear your thoughts, especially on our friendly disagreement about Christianity, empire, and whether those two worlds were destined to collide from the beginning or simply converged through the circumstances of history.

Until then, maintain your curiosity, embrace skepticism, and keep tuning in! 🎙️🔒


Links 🔗 

The Secret Pagan of Renaissance Platonism: Gemistos Plethon

Virginia’s Fight for Religious Freedom in Post-Revolution America

Substack Patreon Buy his new book: https://www.amazon.com/Universalist-Universal-Principles-Experiential-Religion/dp/B0GXCDPTJB

SOURCES:
Adams, John. A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America. London: C. Dilly, 1787–1788.

Buckley, Thomas J. Establishing Religious Freedom. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2013.

Freneau, Philip. On the Universality and Other Attributes of the God of Nature. In Poems Written Between the Years 1768 & 1794, 395–396. Monmouth, NJ: Printed at the press of the author, 1795.

Holmes, David L. The Faiths of Our Founding Fathers. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Jefferson, Thomas. Notes on the State of Virginia. Philadelphia: Prichard and Hall, 1788.

Jefferson, Thomas. The Statute for Religious Freedom. 1777–1786. Manuscript, Virginia.

Madison, James. Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments. 1785. Manuscript, Virginia.

Paine, Thomas. Age of Reason. London: J. Watson, 1794–1807.

Christianity and the Myth of Saving the West

A historical documentary blended with a personal reckoning and a cultural warning

This one has been sitting with me for a long time.

Six months, maybe more. Notes in the book margins. Tons of screenshots. Quotes stacked in my notes folder. Books half-highlighted and folded pages revisited. Every time I thought I was ready to write it, I wasn’t…

Because this isn’t just about history. It’s about a story we keep repeating with confidence: that Christianity saved the West and what happens when you actually slow down to examine that claim.

The claim that Christianity civilized Europe. Christianity gave us human rights, pluralism, rational inquiry, restraint. And if Western civilization feels unstable today, the prescription is simple— return to Christian moral supremacy.

I find myself increasingly tired of hearing it.

Tired of watching “Judeo-Christian values” invoked as shorthand for liberty. Tired of hearing that our freedoms, our intellectual life, our legal architecture all flow directly from the Bible. Tired of the way paganism is casually used as a synonym for barbarism, ego, domination — while Christianity is cast as the moral counterweight, the conscience that civilizes power.

A recent example sharpened that fatigue. Leighton Woodhouse published an opinion piece in The New York Times titled Donald Trump, Pagan King. The framing was familiar and rhetorically smooth. Paganism was associated with appetite, force, and unchecked authority. Christianity appeared as restraint, humility, moral seriousness. The implication was subtle but unmistakable: whatever is broken in our politics represents a departure from Christian virtue.

The structure of this narrative is ancient. Pagan equals raw power. Christian equals moral discipline.

But that framing rests on an assumption that deserves far more scrutiny than it receives. It assumes that Christianity is the moral software of the West. Before it, there was chaos; after it, civilization.

The deeper I have gone into late antiquity, through Catherine Nixey’s The Darkening Age, Charles Freeman’s analysis of intellectual narrowing, Ramsay MacMullen’s documentation of coercive conversion, and through primary sources from both Christian and pagan voices— the more that tidy civilizational story begins to unravel.

Because when Christianity gained institutional dominance, what followed was not the natural flowering of pluralism and inquiry. It was very opposite.

And for us to truly understand, we have to begin this story before Christianity held power.


A World Before Monopoly

The Greco-Roman world was not a utopia. It had power structures, that were often violent, and deeply unequal. But it operated within a religious and intellectual framework that functioned very differently from exclusive monotheism.

Roman religion was additive rather than subtractive. One could honor household gods, civic gods, the imperial cult, foreign deities, and philosophical conceptions of the divine without renouncing the others. Orthopraxy mattered more than orthodoxy. What counted was correct ritual performance, not exclusive belief. The pax deorum (the peace with the gods) was maintained through observance, not doctrinal conformity.

Philosophically, multiplicity was the norm. Stoics, Epicureans, Skeptics, and Platonists argued openly about cosmology, ethics, and the nature of reality. Protagoras could admit uncertainty about the gods without being erased from the record. Cicero articulated natural law grounded in reason and universality long before Christianity gained political authority. Debate was public. Rhetorical training was a civic skill. Argument was like oxygen at the time.

Cicero

The Roman legal system developed sophisticated structures of administration and legislation that would profoundly shape Western law. None of this depended on exclusive revelation. It depended on human reasoning operating within a plural environment.

Rome suppressed what it perceived as politically dangerous. It was capable of cruelty. But structurally, it tolerated metaphysical competition. Truth was not framed as singular and jealous in the way later Christian orthodoxy would insist.

Christianity did not enter this world as one more school of thought among many. It entered with a different moral architecture. Not “add Christ to the pantheon.”

But “burn down the rest.”

That distinction is not merely cosmetic. It is foundational to understanding the real history.


The Architecture of Exclusivity

The Hebrew scriptures that Christianity inherited contain a recurring moral posture toward rival worship. Altars are to be broken down. Sacred groves burned. Idols smashed. “You shall have no other gods before me” is not a suggestion of preference; it is a declaration of exclusivity. Rival worship is not seen as a mere mistake; it is corrupting.

When confined to private devotion, this posture functions as identity formation. When fused with state power, it moves from conviction to coercion.

For the first three centuries of its existence, Christianity lacked imperial authority. It survived in the margins of society. The decisive shift came when Christianity aligned with imperial power under Constantine and his successors.

Estimates vary, but many scholars place Christians at roughly ten percent of the empire around the year 300. The exact percentage is debated (ancient demographic modeling is necessarily approximate) but the trajectory is clear. Within a few generations, that minority became the ruling faith. By the end of the fourth century, imperial law assumed Christianity as normative and increasingly treated rival ritual as illegal.

This demographic reversal was not merely theological. It was political.

Once exclusivist theology acquired enforcement capacity, differences in beliefs was no longer merely error. It was threat.

In the 380s and 390s, imperial edicts against non-Christian ritual multiplied. In 399, a Christian emperor issued a decree stating:

“If there should be any temples in the country districts, they shall be torn down without disturbance or tumult. For when they are torn down and removed, the material basis for all superstition will be destroyed.”

The language is bureaucratic. The effect was not.

These edicts provided legal cover for demolition. Bishops lobbied rulers for stricter laws. Congregations became demolition crews. Rival worship was framed as superstition whose material foundation had to be eradicated.

As Ramsay MacMullen demonstrates, once rival belief is conceptualized as spiritually dangerous, compromise becomes morally suspect. In a plural system, rivals are mistaken. In an exclusivist system, rivals are demonic. And demons are not debated. They are expelled.

This is the mechanism. And it becomes visible in stone.


The Destroyers and the Image of Wisdom

Once theology fused with imperial authority, enforcement did not remain theoretical. It moved outward into public space. It moved into cities. It moved into stone.

Catherine Nixey opens The Darkening Age not with doctrine but with an image. The choice is deliberate. Arguments can be abstract. Statues cannot.

The Temple of Athena in Palmyra had stood for centuries. It was not a relic in a museum. It was part of a living civic landscape. Its columns had watched merchants pass through the city, soldiers march under banners, pilgrims move between worlds. Within it stood Athena— goddess of wisdom, of strategic intelligence, of disciplined thought. She represented more than devotion. She embodied the classical inheritance itself: philosophy, rhetoric, ordered reasoning, the cultivation of mind.

When the destroyers arrived, what they attacked was not simply stone.

Nixey describes a man entering the temple with a weapon and striking the back of Athena’s head with such force that the goddess was decapitated. The violence did not stop there. Her nose was sliced off. Her cheeks crushed. Her once composed face mutilated with intention.

And yet her eyes were left intact.

Those eyes still exist.

They look out from a ruined face that once symbolized wisdom.

This was not accidental vandalism. It was theology enacted physically. The old gods were not to be debated, not to be reinterpreted, not to be absorbed into new meaning. They were to be neutralized. Their presence was dangerous. Their very material existence was a threat to salvation.

The word often used for this period is triumph. Christianity triumphed over paganism. But triumph over what? Over multiplicity? Over a world in which philosophical disagreement could exist without annihilation? Over the idea that wisdom might not belong exclusively to one revelation?

The violence at Palmyra was not isolated. Temples across the empire were damaged, repurposed, stripped of ornament, or demolished. Some were converted into churches. Others were dismantled entirely. Sacred spaces that had structured civic and religious life for centuries were rendered spiritually illegitimate almost overnight.

What makes the image of Athena more destabilizing is its repetition.

In 2015, Islamic State militants bulldozed the ancient Assyrian city of Nimrud because it was deemed idolatrous. The reconstructed remnants of Athena were attacked again. Beheaded again. An arm sheared off again.

Different century. Different scripture. Different empire.

Same logic. When rival sacred presence is conceptualized as contamination, destruction becomes purification.

This is not about equivalence between traditions. It is about structure. When any Abrahamic framework defines truth as singular, exclusive, and threatened by proximity to rivals, pluralism becomes fragile. Once that framework acquires political power, fragility becomes enforcement.

And enforcement does not stop at statues.


Hypatia and the Enforcement of Certainty

If Athena represents symbolic erasure, Hypatia represents human cost.

Hypatia of Alexandria was not an obscure mystic. She was a philosopher, mathematician, and teacher in a city long known for intellectual life. Alexandria had been home to the great library and to competing schools of thought for centuries. Hypatia occupied a visible position within that tradition.

By the early fifth century, Alexandria was also home to a group known as the parabalani — often translated as “the reckless ones.” Officially devoted to acts of charity, they functioned in practice as muscle for ecclesiastical authority. By some estimates there were hundreds of them in the city. Roman legal documents describe them using the word terror.

Hypatia lived in the same civic space as these enforcers.

Her murder was not random street violence. It occurred within an atmosphere already shaped by escalating Christian authority and shrinking tolerance for rival influence. When exclusivist theology defines truth as singular and civic order as dependent upon that truth, intellectual figures outside that structure become destabilizing.

Hypatia was stripped, beaten, and killed by a mob associated with Christian zeal.

Her death did not mark the beginning of violence. It marked the normalization of it.

Once difference is framed as corruption and corruption as emergency, elimination becomes defensible.

This pattern appears again and again in late antiquity. Pagan philosophers were exiled. Schools were closed. Public debate narrowed. The emperor Justinian would eventually close the philosophical schools of Athens entirely. Inquiry did not vanish overnight, but the atmosphere changed. What had once been competition became suspicion.

And suspicion reshapes a civilization quietly before it reshapes it violently.


Fear as Teacher

One of the most revealing threads in the historical record is not the destruction itself but the emotional atmosphere that made it possible.

Demonology was not marginal superstition. It structured perception. Pagan temples were described as inhabited by malevolent spirits. Sacrifices were not merely mistaken rituals but demonic feasts. The world itself became morally charged terrain.

The Devil Belial before the Gates of Hell, from Das Buch Belial, published in Augsburg, 1473

Christians wrote anxious letters asking whether they could sit in places pagans had sat, use baths used on feast days, drink from wells near deserted temples, eat food that might have been associated with sacrifice. The fear was not symbolic. It was visceral.

Augustine’s response: that it was better to refuse contaminated food with Christian fortitude even if one starved, reveals a hierarchy of values. Survival could be negotiable. Purity could not.

John Chrysostom’s sermons described eternal punishment in sensory detail: rivers of fire, venomous worms, inescapable bonds, exterior darkness. Fear was not incidental rhetoric. It trained the imagination to view error as catastrophe and proximity to rival belief as existential threat.

When fear becomes formative, pluralism becomes psychologically intolerable.

And when that psychology is paired with law, narrowing becomes institutional.


The Disappearance of Thought

The destruction of statues is visible. The destruction of thought is quieter.

One of the most devastating aspects of late antique Christianization was not merely the smashing of temples but the narrowing of what was considered worth preserving.

The ancient Mediterranean world once contained the greatest concentration of written knowledge humanity had yet assembled. The Library of Alexandria, even allowing for scholarly debate about its exact size, symbolized an ambition toward accumulation. Knowledge was not singular. It was expansive. It was contradictory. It was messy.

Scholars selecting and reading scrolls in the Great Library of Alexandria hall

What remains of that intellectual inheritance is fragmentary.

By some estimates, only about one percent of Latin literature survives from antiquity. Entire authors are known only by name. Entire schools of philosophy survive only in hostile summaries written by opponents. Whole lines of speculation disappeared not because they were refuted but because they were not copied.

Copying is survival.

In the late antique world, the people doing the copying increasingly operated within Christian institutions.

And institutions preserve selectively.

“Stay clear of all pagan books!” reads the Apostolic Constitution. The warning is not casual. It reflects a moral anxiety about contamination. Texts are not neutral. They are spiritually charged. Exposure to the wrong argument is dangerous.

Celsus, one of the few pagan critics whose voice survives, accused Christians of discouraging inquiry. He mocked the posture: “Do not ask questions; just believe.” His tone is sharp, even sarcastic, but the anxiety is real. In Greek philosophy, reason was virtue. Inquiry was sacred. Faith, as unexamined assent, was the lowest epistemic posture.

Even Origen, writing within the Christian tradition, conceded the problem with striking bluntness, remarking that “the stupidity of some Christians is heavier than the sand of the sea.” The anti-intellectual reputation of early Christianity was not a later invention. It was noted by contemporaries.

The tragedy of Democritus crystallizes this narrowing.

Democritus — the philosopher often described as the father of atomic theory — wrote extensively across cosmology, mathematics, and ethics. He proposed a universe composed of atoms and void centuries before modern physics. And yet none of his works survive intact.

Not one.

What we know of his thought survives because it was partially preserved inside a single poem, Lucretius’s De Rerum Natura, which itself survived precariously through a single manuscript discovered in a German monastery centuries later.

The physicist Carlo Rovelli has called the total loss of Democritus’s writings “the greatest intellectual tragedy to ensue from the collapse of the old classical civilisation.”

An entire philosophical lineage survived by accident.

That should unsettle anyone who claims Christianity simply “preserved learning.”

Yes, monasteries copied texts. But copying is filtration. Texts deemed dangerous, frivolous, obscene, or spiritually corrupt were less likely to be preserved. When a civilization narrows its moral boundaries, its archive narrows with it.

Charles Freeman, in The Closing of the Western Mind, argues that the most significant shift was not physical destruction but the narrowing of acceptable modes of thought. Public philosophical debate gradually gave way to appeals to authority and revealed certainty. Disputes were settled by councils backed by imperial power. Orthodoxy was defined not by open inquiry but by boundary enforcement.

The world did not stop thinking overnight. But the conditions for free competition of ideas shifted.

And once intellectual diversity contracts, recovery takes centuries.


The Martyr Myth and Moral Insulation

The martyr narrative sits at the emotional center of Christian self-understanding. It does more than preserve memory. It defines identity.

The story is familiar: early Christians were persecuted by a pagan empire. They were imprisoned, tortured, executed for their faith. They endured without retaliation. They did not conquer. They survived.

There is truth in this. The Great Persecution under Diocletian was real and brutal. Scriptures were burned. Churches destroyed. Christians were imprisoned and executed. No serious historian denies that.

What modern scholarship questions is scale and continuity. The most severe empire-wide persecution lasted roughly a decade. Other persecutions were local, sporadic, and uneven across regions. They were not a continuous three-century campaign of systematic eradication.

Martyr literature itself expanded over time. Detailed analysis of saints’ calendars reveals duplication, embellishment, and narrative layering. Some figures appear under multiple names. Some accounts contain anachronisms or miraculous flourishes that complicate their historical reliability.

The historian G. E. M. de Ste. Croix observed that later martyr literature increasingly displayed what he called “a contempt for historicity.”

That line matters. Because it signals a shift: suffering was not only remembered. It was shaped.

And shaped suffering serves a purpose.

Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian is an Italian Renaissance Tempera Painting created by Andrea Mantegna in c.1480.

Once Christianity aligned with imperial authority, the martyr narrative did not recede. It hardened into interpretive insulation. The same tradition that now authorized temple closures and school shuttings still understood itself as historically persecuted.

The story generates moral asymmetry: whatever Christians do can be framed as response, not domination.

And the function of the martyr narrative did not end in late antiquity. In modern apologetics, it often operates as proof. The logic runs like this: the apostles would not have died for something they knew was false; early Christians endured torture rather than recant; therefore, their testimony must be true.

But willingness to suffer proves sincerity, not metaphysical accuracy. People across religions have died for beliefs that contradict one another. Martyrdom establishes conviction. It does not establish truth.

This is why the martyr story is so stabilizing. It allows a movement to wield authority while retaining the self-image ofinnocence. It transforms power into protection and critique into persecution.

When temples were outlawed and philosophical schools shuttered, the tradition exercising authority did not see itself as conqueror. It saw itself as guardian of truth under threat.

If you are always defending truth, enforcement feels righteous.


The Last Pleas for Coexistence

One of the tragedies of this period is that the archive becomes overwhelmingly Christian. The winners preserved their own voices. The losing side survives in fragments.

But some fragments remain.

Libanius, a pagan orator in the fourth century, watched as temples across the empire were damaged, repurposed, or destroyed. His speeches are not the rantings of a fanatic. They are the anxious observations of a man watching his world contract. He describes sacred spaces falling into ruin, rituals forbidden, property seized. He notes opportunists dividing temple lands for personal gain under the cover of piety. What Christian historians later frame as triumph, Libanius experiences as loss.

Then there is Symmachus.

In 382 CE, the Christian emperor Gratian ordered the removal of the Altar of Victory from the Roman Senate House. For centuries, senators had offered ritual observances there before conducting civic business. It was not merely religious decoration; it was part of Rome’s public identity.

Symmachus wrote an appeal for its restoration.

His language is remarkable for its restraint. He does not demand dominance. He does not threaten revolt. He argues for coexistence.

“We look on the same stars,” he writes. “The sky is common. The same world surrounds us. What difference does it make by what pains each seeks the truth? We cannot attain to so great a secret by one road alone.”

It is difficult to imagine a clearer articulation of pluralism in the ancient world.

He closes not with hostility but with humility: “We offer now prayers, not conflict.”

He lost. The altar was not restored. The plea for multiplicity was overridden by certainty.

This moment matters because it reveals a collision between two moral architectures. One sees truth as approached through many paths. The other sees truth as singular and threatened by rival proximity.

Symmachus represents not pagan decadence but civic pluralism. He is not asking to suppress Christianity. He is asking for coexistence.

The answer he receives is enforcement. The narrowing was not accidental. It was structural.


The Long Return of Pluralism

The narrowing of late antiquity did not permanently extinguish intellectual life. But it did change its conditions. For centuries, inquiry moved within theological boundaries defined by ecclesiastical authority. Councils determined orthodoxy. Deviation could be punished. Philosophical speculation survived, but often cautiously, often cloaked.

What we now call the Enlightenment did not arise as a natural extension of Christian supremacy. It arose within tension — sometimes quiet, sometimes explosive — with religious monopoly.

Beginning in the Renaissance, Europe experienced a gradual rediscovery of classical texts. Manuscripts long buried in monastic libraries re-entered circulation. Lucretius’s De Rerum Natura, preserving echoes of Democritus’s atomism, resurfaced. Greek philosophy was studied not merely as commentary on theology but as intellectual inheritance in its own right.

The recovery of classical thought did not instantly dissolve Christian authority. But it reintroduced plurality into the bloodstream of European intellectual life.

The Enlightenment sharpened that reintroduction.

Thinkers like John Locke articulated natural rights grounded not in revelation but in reason and shared human nature. Locke’s arguments for religious toleration did not emerge from biblical exclusivity; they emerged from a recognition that coercion in matters of belief corrupts both faith and civic peace.

Montesquieu analyzed the separation of powers not as a theological doctrine but as a structural safeguard against concentration of authority. His framework was explicitly concerned with preventing tyranny — whether monarchic or clerical.

These ideas did not descend seamlessly from medieval orthodoxy. They developed alongside, and often in resistance to, religious entanglement with state power.

When we reach the American founding, the tension becomes explicit.

The framers of the Constitution were deeply literate in classical thought. They read Cicero. They read Tacitus. They studied Roman republicanism. They were steeped in Enlightenment political theory. They feared concentrated power, including ecclesiastical power.

The Constitution contains no reference to Jesus Christ. It prohibits religious tests for office. The First Amendment forbids establishment of religion and protects free exercise. This was not a casual omission. It was intentional architecture.

The American experiment was not a biblical republic.

It was a republic designed to prevent religious monopoly.

Thomas Jefferson provides a particularly revealing case. Jefferson famously produced his own edited version of the Gospels, physically cutting out miracles and supernatural elements. The result, often referred to as the Jefferson Bible, retained ethical teachings while discarding divine intervention.

This was not the act of a man seeking to found a theocracy.

It was the act of a man separating moral philosophy from revealed absolutism.

Jefferson’s project reflects a broader Enlightenment impulse: to preserve ethical insight while disentangling it from exclusivist authority.

Roger Olson’s theological scholarship further complicates the claim that Christianity simply “gave us” pluralism. Olson emphasizes that Christianity was never doctrinally uniform in its early centuries. Orthodoxy was consolidated through contest, suppression, and boundary enforcement. The unity later invoked as civilizational foundation was itself the product of narrowing.

The Enlightenment did not grow naturally from that narrowing. It reopened debate.

It reintroduced skepticism as virtue.

It separated church and state not to destroy religion but to protect civic plurality.

If Christianity had already secured pluralism, the Enlightenment would have been unnecessary.

The fact that it was necessary tells us something profound.

Pluralism survived not because exclusivity reigned, but because exclusivity was restrained.


Did Christianity Give Us Human Rights?

At this point, the most common objection surfaces.

Even if there were excesses. Even if there was narrowing. Even if temples fell and texts disappeared. Christianity still gave us the concept of human dignity. Christianity laid the groundwork for human rights.

The claim sounds intuitive because Christian theology does contain a powerful moral idea: humans are made in the image of God. That idea has inspired reformers and abolitionists and activists. It matters.

But the existence of moral language is not the same thing as institutional pluralism.

The Stoics articulated a form of universal human rationality centuries before Christianity held power. Roman law developed ideas of legal personhood and universality that would influence later legal systems. Cicero’s natural law did not depend on revelation.

Christianity contributed to moral discourse. That is true.

But the institutional protection of dissent: the right to disagree publicly, to publish heterodox ideas, to worship differently without legal annihilation… did not emerge during periods of Christian monopoly. Those protections developed when religious authority was structurally limited.

Rights require restraint of power.

And historically, the moments when Christianity was most fused with state authority were not the moments when pluralism expanded.


What This Feels Like From the Inside

What unsettles me most about this history is not simply that it happened. It is that I recognize the mechanism.

I have lived the internal version of it.

Burn the books. Throw away the tarot cards. Remove your new age spirituality material. Avoid contamination of demonic entities. Guard the mind. Monitor the thoughts. Stay pure.

When you inhabit Christianity long enough, the anxiety internalizes. You become your own enforcer. You police your curiosity. You treat rival ideas not as intellectual challenges but as spiritual threats.

When I read about Christians in late antiquity asking whether they could sit where pagans had sat or drink from wells near deserted temples, it was too relatable.

The narrowing does not begin with demolition crews. It begins with fear.

Fear reshapes perception. Fear shrinks curiosity. Fear frames difference as danger.

Scale that fear across institutions and you have late antiquity.

Scale it across a nation and you have something far more consequential.


The Warning

This is why the rhetoric of Christian supremacy unsettles me.

Not because Christianity has contributed nothing to Western civilization. It has shaped art, music, law, charity, moral imagination. That is undeniable.

Much of this period is still narrated as civilizational triumph rather than suppression. As the academic John Pollini notes, “modern scholarship, influenced by a Judeo-Christian cultural bias, has frequently overlooked or downplayed such attacks and even at times sought to present Christian desecration in a positive light.”

But the claim that Christianity saved the West collapses complexity into myth. It erases the plural foundations of Greco-Roman thought. It erases the Enlightenment’s deliberate separation of church and state. It erases the long struggle to restrain religious monopoly.

Reformers like John Calvin did not argue for a secular state. In his Institutes, Calvin insisted that magistrates had a duty to suppress blasphemy and false worship.

Pluralism did not emerge from supremacy.

It survived by limiting it.

When modern commentators frame Christianity as the sole guardian of civilization and paganism as barbaric force, they repeat a frame older than they realize. They invoke a story in which exclusivity is equated with order and multiplicity with chaos.

History suggests something different.

Civilizations are stabilized not by monopoly but by constraint. Not by erasing rivals but by tolerating them. Not by conflating revelation with law but by separating the two.

If we forget that, if we mythologize exclusivity as the foundation of freedom, we risk mistaking that narrowing for renewal.

And that is not a mistake history makes gently.

aaaand that’s all I have for you today folks. If you’ve been here for a while, you know this is what Taste of Truth Tuesdays is about. Not tearing down for sport. Not defending tradition out of reflex. But slowing down long enough to ask: Is the story we’re repeating actually true?

and As always…

Maintain your curiosity.
Embrace skepticism.
And keep tuning in.

Endnotes

  1. Leighton Woodhouse, “Donald Trump, Pagan King,” The New York Times, February 11, 2026.
    (Referenced as an example of contemporary framing of paganism versus Christianity.)
  2. Catherine Nixey, The Darkening Age: The Christian Destruction of the Classical World (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017).
    Charles Freeman, The Closing of the Western Mind: The Rise of Faith and the Fall of Reason (New York: Knopf, 2002).
    Ramsay MacMullen, Christianizing the Roman Empire (A.D. 100–400) (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984).
    See also Ramsay MacMullen, Christianity and Paganism in the Fourth to Eighth Centuries (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997).
  3. On Roman religion as orthopraxic and plural in structure, see:
    Mary Beard, John North, and Simon Price, Religions of Rome, Vol. 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
    Jörg Rüpke, Religion of the Romans (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007).
  4. Cicero’s articulation of natural law appears in De Re Publica and De Legibus. See:
    Cicero, On the Republic and On the Laws, trans. James E. G. Zetzel (Cambridge University Press, 1999).
  5. On late fourth-century anti-pagan legislation, see:
    Theodosian Code 16.10 (various edicts restricting sacrifice and authorizing temple closures).
    For analysis: Michele Renee Salzman, The Making of a Christian Aristocracy (Harvard University Press, 2002).
    Ramsay MacMullen, Christianizing the Roman Empire.
  6. On the debated scope and frequency of early Christian persecutions:
    Candida Moss, The Myth of Persecution (HarperOne, 2013).
    G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy (Oxford University Press, 2006).
    These works challenge the traditional narrative of continuous empire-wide persecution and note embellishment in later martyr literature.
  7. On the parabalani and Hypatia:
    Socrates Scholasticus, Ecclesiastical History, Book VII.
    Christopher Haas, Alexandria in Late Antiquity (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997).
    Edward J. Watts, Hypatia: The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher (Oxford University Press, 2017).
    Roman legislation regulating the parabalani appears in Theodosian Code 16.2.42 and related laws.
  8. On the Altar of Victory controversy and Symmachus:
    Symmachus, Relatio 3 (Petition for the Restoration of the Altar of Victory).
    Ambrose of Milan’s response in Epistle 17–18.
    See also: Michele Renee Salzman, The Making of a Christian Aristocracy.
  9. On demonology and late antique Christian perceptions of paganism:
    Peter Brown, The Rise of Western Christendom (Blackwell, 1996).
    Catherine Nixey, The Darkening Age.
    Brown discusses the moralization of the inner life and late antique anxiety regarding contamination and spiritual danger.
  10. On the survival rate of classical literature:
    It is widely acknowledged among classicists that only a small fraction of ancient literature survives.
    See: Anthony Grafton, The Footnote: A Curious History (Harvard University Press, 1997).
    James J. O’Donnell, Avatars of the Word (Harvard University Press, 1998).
    The exact percentage is debated, but the scale of loss is undisputed.
  11. On Democritus and the loss of his works:
    Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers (Book IX).
    Carlo Rovelli, Reality Is Not What It Seems (Riverhead Books, 2016), where Rovelli refers to the loss of Democritus as a major intellectual tragedy.
    Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, as the principal ancient source preserving atomist philosophy.
  12. On the closure of pagan philosophical schools under Justinian:
    Procopius, Secret History.
    Edward J. Watts, The Final Pagan Generation (University of California Press, 2015).
  13. On Enlightenment political theory and religious toleration:
    John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689).
    Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws (1748).
  14. On Thomas Jefferson’s edited Bible:
    Thomas Jefferson, The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth (commonly known as the Jefferson Bible), completed in 1820.
    See also: Edwin Gaustad, Sworn on the Altar of God: A Religious Biography of Thomas Jefferson (Eerdmans, 1996).
  15. On early Christian theological diversity and consolidation of orthodoxy:
    Roger E. Olson, The Story of Christian Theology (InterVarsity Press, 1999).
    Bart D. Ehrman, Lost Christianities (Oxford University Press, 2003) (for broader context on early doctrinal diversity).

Projection, Power, and the Pagan Revival

When Belief Becomes Control

This episode isn’t about religion versus religion.
It’s about power, fear, and what happens inside belief systems when conformity becomes more important than honesty.

In this conversation, I’m joined by Sigrin, founder of Universal Pagan Temple.

She’s a practicing Pagan, a witch, a public educator, and someone who speaks openly about leaving Christianity after experiencing fear-based theology, spiritual control, and shame. I want to pause here, because even as an agnostic, when I hear the word witch, my brain still flashes to the cartoon villain version. Green. Ugly. Evil. That image didn’t come from nowhere. It was taught.

One of the things we get into in this conversation is how morality actually functions in Pagan traditions, and how different that framework is from what most people assume.

She describes leaving Christianity not as rebellion, but as self-preservation. And what pushed her out wasn’t God. It was other Christians.

For many people, Christianity isn’t learned from scripture.
It’s learned from other Christians.

The judgment.
The constant monitoring.
The fear of being seen as wrong, dangerous, or spiritually compromised.

In high-control Christian environments, conformity equals safety. Questioning creates anxiety. And the fear of social punishment often becomes stronger than belief itself.

When belonging is conditional, faith turns into survival.


What We Cover in This Conversation:

Paganism Beyond Aesthetics

A lot of people hear “Paganism” and immediately picture vibes, trends, or cosplay. We spend time breaking that assumption apart.

  • Sigrin explains that many beginners jump straight into ritual without actually invoking or dedicating to the divine.
  • She talks about the difference between aesthetic practice and intentional practice.
  • For people who don’t yet feel connected to a specific god or goddess, she offers grounded guidance on how to approach devotion without forcing it.
  • We talk about the transition she experienced moving from Christianity, to atheism, to polytheism.
  • We explore the role of myth, story, and symbolism in spiritual life.
  • She shares her experience of feeling an energy she couldn’t deny, even after rejecting belief entirely.
  • We touch on the wide range of ways Pagans relate to pantheons, including devotional, symbolic, ancestral, and experiential approaches.

The takeaway here isn’t “believe this.”
It’s that Paganism isn’t shallow, trendy, or uniform. It’s relational.


No Holy Book, No Central Authority

One of the most misunderstood aspects of Paganism is the absence of a single text or governing authority.

  • Sigrin references a line she often uses: “If you get 20 witches in a room, you’ll have 40 different beliefs.”
  • We talk about how Pagan traditions don’t operate under enforced doctrine or centralized belief.
  • She brings up the 42 Negative Confessions from ancient Egyptian tradition as an example of ethical self-statements rather than commandments.
  • These function more like reflections on character than laws imposed from above.
  • We compare this to moral storytelling across different myth traditions rather than rigid rule-following.
  • She emphasizes intuition and empathy as core tools for ethical decision-making.
  • I add the role of self-reflection and introspection in systems without external enforcement.

This raises an important question: without a script, responsibility shifts inward.

Why This Can Be Hard After Christianity

We also talk honestly about why this freedom can be uncomfortable, especially for people leaving authoritarian religion.

  • Sigrin notes how difficult it can be to release belief in hell, even after leaving Christianity.
  • Fear doesn’t disappear just because belief changes.
  • When morality was once externally enforced, internal trust has to be rebuilt.
  • Pagan paths often require learning how to sit with uncertainty rather than replacing one authority with another.

This isn’t easier.
It’s quieter.
And it asks more of the individual.

That backdrop matters, because it shapes how Paganism gets misunderstood, misrepresented, and framed as dangerous.


The “Pagan Threat” Narrative

One of the reasons Pagan Threat has gained attention and sparked controversy is not just its content, but whose voice it carries and how it’s framed at the outset.

  • The book was written by Pastor Lucas Miles, a senior director with Turning Point USA Faith and author of other conservative religious critiques. The project is positioned as a warning about what Miles sees as threats to the church and American society. The foreword was written by Charlie Kirk, founder of Turning Point USA. His introduction positions the book as urgent for Christians to read.

From there, the book makes a striking claim:

  • It describes Christianity as a religion of freedom, while framing Paganism as operating under a hive mind or collective groupthink.

A key problem is which Paganism the book is actually engaging.

  • The examples Miles focuses on overwhelmingly reflect liberal, online, or activist-adjacent Pagan spaces, particularly those aligned with progressive identity politics.
  • That narrow focus gets treated as representative of Paganism as a whole.
  • Conservative Pagans, reconstructionist traditions, land-based practices, and sovereignty-focused communities are largely ignored.

As a result, “wokeness” becomes a kind of explanatory shortcut.

  • Modern political anxieties get mapped onto Paganism.
  • Gender ideology, progressive activism, and left-leaning culture get blamed on an ancient and diverse spiritual category.
  • Paganism becomes a convenient container for everything the author already opposes.

We also talk openly about political realignment, and why neither of us fits cleanly into the right/left binary anymore. I raise the importance of actually understanding Queer Theory, rather than using “queer” as a vague identity umbrella.

To help visualize this, I reference a chart breaking down five tiers of the far left, which I’ll include here for listeners who want context.

Next, in our conversation, Sigrin explains why the groupthink accusation feels completely inverted to anyone who has actually practiced Paganism.

  • Pagan traditions lack central authority, universal doctrine, or an enforcement mechanism.
  • Diversity of belief isn’t a flaw. It’s a defining feature.
  • Pagan communities often openly disagree, practice differently, and resist uniformity by design.

The “hive mind” label ignores that reality and instead relies on a caricature built from a narrow and selective sample.

 “Trotter and Le Bon concluded that the group mind does not think in the restricted sense of the word. In place of thoughts, it has impulses, habits, and emotions. Lacking an independent mind, its first impulse is usually to follow the example of a trusted leader. This is one of the most firmly established principles of mass psychology.”  Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays

We contrast this with Christian systems that rely on shared creeds, orthodoxy, and social enforcement to maintain cohesion.

Accusations of groupthink, in that context, often function as projection from environments where conformity is tied to spiritual safety.

In those systems, agreement is often equated with faithfulness and deviation with danger.

Globalism, Centralization, and Historical Irony

We end the conversation by stepping back and looking at the bigger historical picture.

  • The book positions Christianity as the antidote to globalism.
  • At the same time, it advocates coordinated religious unification, political mobilization, and cultural enforcement.
  • That contradiction becomes hard to ignore once you zoom out historically.

Sigrin points out that pre-Christian Pagan worlds were not monolithic.

  • Ancient polytheist societies were highly localized.
  • City-states and regions had their own gods, rituals, myths, and customs.
  • Religious life varied widely from place to place, even within the same broader culture.

I reference The Darkening Age by Catherine Nixey, which documents this diversity in detail.

  • Pagan societies weren’t unified under a single doctrine.
  • There was no universal creed to enforce across regions.
  • Difference wasn’t a problem to be solved. It was normal.

Christianity, by contrast, became one of the first truly globalizing religious systems.

  • A single truth claim.
  • A centralized authority structure.
  • A mandate to replace local traditions rather than coexist with them.

That history makes the book’s framing ironic.

  • Paganism gets labeled “globalist,” despite being inherently local and decentralized.
  • Christianity gets framed as anti-globalist, while proposing further consolidation of belief, power, and authority.

What This Is Actually About

This isn’t about attacking Christians as people.
And it’s not about defending Paganism as a brand.

It is a critique of how certain forms of Christianity function when belief hardens into certainty and certainty turns into control.

Fear-based religion and fear-based ideology share the same problem.
They promise safety.
They demand conformity.
And they struggle with humility.

That doesn’t describe every Christian.
But it does describe systems that rely on fear, surveillance, and moral enforcement to survive.

What I appreciate about this conversation is the reminder that spirituality doesn’t have to look like domination, hierarchy, or a battle plan.

It can be rooted. Local. Embodied.

It can ask something of you without erasing you.

And whether someone lands in Paganism, Christianity, or somewhere else entirely, the question isn’t “Which side are you on?”

It’s whether your beliefs make you more honest, more grounded, and more responsible for how you live.

That’s what I hope people sit with after listening.

Ways to Support Universal Pagan Temple 

Every bit of support helps keep the temple lights on, create more free content, and maintain our community altar. Thank you from the bottom of my heart! 

🖤
☕

 Buy me a coffee (one-time support)  
https://www.buymeacoffee.com/UniversalPaganTemple

💝

 Make a direct donation to the temple  
https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=6TMJ4KYHXB36U

🌟

 Become a Patreon/Subscribestar member (monthly perks & exclusive content)  
https://www.patreon.com/universalpagantemple
https://www.subscribestar.com/the-pagan-prepper

📜

 Join our Substack community (articles, rituals & updates)  
https://universalpagantemple.substack.com

🔮

 Book a Rune or Tarot reading (Etsy)  
https://www.etsy.com/shop/RunicGifts

📚

Grab our books on Amazon  
 •Wicca & Magick: Complete Beginner’s Guide  
https://www.amazon.com/Wicca-Magick-Complete-Beginners-Guide-ebook/dp/B019MZN8LQ

* Runes: Healing and Diet by Sigrún and Freya Aswynn
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08FP25KH4#averageCustomerReviewsAnchor

• The Egyptian Gods and Goddesses for Beginners  
https://www.amazon.com/Egyptian-Gods-Goddesses-Beginners-Worshiping/dp/1537100092

Even just watching, liking, commenting, and sharing is a huge help!  
Blessed be 

🌀

The Older Story Beneath Christmas

A History of Yule and Cultural Amnesia

Every December, the same argument erupts like clockwork.

“Christmas is pagan.”
“No it isn’t, stop lying.”
“Actually, it’s Saturnalia.”
“Actually, it’s Jesus’ birthday.”

Christian Calling others out 😮

And honestly, the argument itself is the least interesting part.

Because Christmas didn’t replace older solstice traditions.
It grew out of them.

Long before doctrine, people were already gathering at midwinter. Lighting fires. Sharing food. Hanging evergreens. Leaving offerings. Watching the sun closely. Trying to survive the longest night of the year.

Most of what we now call “Christmas spirit” (the lights, the feasting, the greenery, the warmth, even the winter gift-giver) is older than Christian theology by centuries.

And yet, when I converted to Christianity in 2022, none of that felt magical.

It felt dangerous.


My First Christian Christmas: Panic, Purging, and Fear

I was only a few months into my short-lived Christian phase when December arrived, and I suddenly found myself terrified that Christmas was pagan, demonic, or spiritually contaminated.

I burned books.
I threw away crystals.
I cleaned my home like I was preparing for divine inspection.
I interrogated every decoration like it might open a portal.

I’m not exaggerating. I recently found an old document I wrote during that time, and reading it now is unsettling. It reads like I took an entire bucket of fundamentalist talking points, sprinkled in some Wikipedia conspiracies, and shook it like a snow globe.

Here are real lines I wrote in 2022:

“Christmas is a religious holiday. But it’s not Christian.”
“Christmas is the birthday of the sun god Tammuz.”
“Mistletoe came from druids who used it for demonic occult powers.”
“Santa Claus is based on Odin and meant to deceive children.”
“Jesus does not want you to celebrate Christmas.”

I believed every word of it.

Because fear-based Christianity works by shrinking your imagination.
It makes symbols dangerous.
History suspicious.
The world a spiritual minefield.

That was my first clue this wasn’t JUST about theology. It was about fear.
And the inability to hold layered meaning.


Why Winter Was Sacred Long Before Religion

For pre-industrial people, winter wasn’t cozy.

It wasn’t aesthetic. It wasn’t symbolic. It was dangerous.

Food stores ran low. Animals died. Illness spread. Darkness swallowed the day.

When the sun disappeared, it wasn’t metaphorical. It was existential.

That’s why midwinter mattered everywhere, not because cultures shared gods, but because they shared bodies, seasons, and risk.

Homes were built from thick logs, stone, and earth. Materials with thermal mass that held heat long after the fire dimmed. Hearths weren’t decorative. They were survival technology. Families and animals gathered together because warmth meant life.

This wasn’t primitive living. It was skilled living. And it shaped belief.

Seasonal rites weren’t abstract spirituality.
They were instructions for how to endure.


This Isn’t Just Capitalism — It’s Cultural Amnesia

It’s tempting to blame modern capitalism for the way winter has been flattened into noise, urgency, and forced cheer. And capitalism absolutely accelerated the problem.

But that explanation skips a much older rupture.

Pre-Christian seasonal traditions already honored limits. Rest. Darkness. Slowness. Winter was understood as a time of contraction, not productivity. You didn’t push harder in December. You pulled inward. You conserved. You waited.

Those rhythms were disrupted long before department stores and advertising campaigns.

First came religious overwrite… seasonal intelligence reframed into theological narratives that demanded certainty and transcendence over embodiment. Then came industrialization, which severed daily life from land, daylight, and season entirely. Artificial light erased night. Clocks replaced the sun. Productivity became moral.

By the time capitalism arrived in its modern form, much of the damage was already done. Capitalism didn’t invent our disconnection from seasonal limits. It inherited it.

What we’re really dealing with isn’t just exploitation.

It’s amnesia.

We forgot how winter works. We forgot how rest works. We forgot how darkness functions as part of a healthy cycle. And once that memory was gone, it became easy to sell us endless brightness in the darkest part of the year.


What Yule Actually Was. Before Christianity Rewrote It

This is where the history gets interesting….

The earliest surviving written reference to Yule comes from the 8th century, recorded by the Christian monk Bede. Like much of what we know about pre-Christian traditions, it was documented after conversion had already begun. The traditions themselves are older, but the written record is fragmentary and filtered.

The Venerable Bede, an English monk and missionary, was among the earliest writers to record the existence of Yule.

That timing matters.

Like much of what we know about pre-Christian Europe, Yule was documented after conversion had already begun. Earlier traditions were primarily oral, and many were actively suppressed or destroyed, which means the written record is incomplete and filtered through Christian authors.

That does not mean the traditions were new.

It means Christianity arrived late to write them down.

Later sources, such as Snorri Sturluson in Heimskringla (12th–13th century), describe Yule as a midwinter feast involving communal drinking, oath-making, ceremonial meals, ancestor honoring, and celebrations lasting multiple days, often twelve. By the time Snorri was writing, Christianity had already reshaped much of Nordic life, yet the seasonal patterns he records remain strikingly consistent.

The record is not pristine. But it is consistent enough to tell us this:
Yule was a land-based, seasonal response to winter, practiced long before Christianity and remembered imperfectly afterward.

So, when people talk about the “Twelve Days of Christmas,” they’re unintentionally echoing Yule, not the Gospels.


Yule Was Never One Thing — or One Date

There was never a single Yule and never a single calendar.

Some communities marked the solstice itself. Others observed the days before it.
Others celebrated after, once the sun’s return was perceptible.

Yule could last days or weeks, depending on latitude, climate, and local conditions. This diversity wasn’t confusion. It was responsiveness.

Seasonal traditions bent to land, not doctrine.
And that flexibility is one reason they survived so long.


Ancestors, Offerings, and the Household

Yule wasn’t only about gods. It was about the dead.

Midwinter was understood as a liminal time when ancestors drew near. The boundary between worlds thinned. Homes became places of hospitality not just for the living, but for those who came before.

Offerings were left. Food. Drink. Light. We still do this…. even if we pretend it’s just for children.

Milk and cookies for Santa didn’t come out of nowhere.
They echo something far older: leaving nourishment overnight, acknowledging unseen visitors, participating in reciprocity.

The modern story makes it cute.
The older story makes it sacred.


Before Santa, the Sky Was Crowded

Across Northern and Eastern Europe, winter solstice was associated with feminine figures of light, fertility, and renewal— many of whom traveled the sky.

In Baltic traditions, Saule carried the sun across the heavens. Among the Sámi, Beiwe rode through the winter sky in a sleigh pulled by reindeer, restoring fertility to the frozen land.

Darkness wasn’t evil. It was gestational.

The womb is dark. Seeds germinate underground.
Transformation happens unseen. That imagery didn’t disappear.

It migrated.


When Christmas Was Once Illegal

Here’s a part of the story that tends to surprise people.

Christmas was not always embraced by Christianity in America.
In fact, it was once illegal.

In the mid-1600s, Puritan leaders in New England viewed Christmas as pagan, Catholic, and morally corrupt. Everything associated with it raised suspicion.

Evergreens were considered pagan.
Feasting was considered pagan.
Dancing, games, and excess were condemned.
Even taking the day off work was seen as spiritually dangerous.

In 1659, the Massachusetts Bay Colony passed a law banning the celebration of Christmas outright. The statute read:

“Whosoever shall be found observing any such day as Christmas or the like, either by forbearing labour, feasting, or any other way… every such person so offending shall pay for every such offence five shillings.”

Celebrating Christmas was a finable offense.

The ban remained in effect until 1681. And even after it was repealed, many New England towns treated December 25th as an ordinary workday well into the 1700s.

Early American Christianity didn’t preserve Christmas.

It rejected it.

And yet, winter rituals have a way of surviving rejection.


How Christmas Quietly Returned

Christmas didn’t re-enter American life through theology or church decree.

It returned through households.

Throughout the 1700s and early 1800s, winter customs persisted in small, domestic ways. Evergreen branches were brought indoors. Candles were lit in windows. Food was shared. Stories of winter figures and gift-givers circulated quietly within families.

These practices weren’t organized or ideological. They were inherited.

Passed down the way people pass down recipes, songs, and seasonal habits, especially in communities tied to land, season, and home.

They survived because they worked.

They made winter bearable.
They gave rhythm to darkness.
They anchored people to memory and place.

Over time, these household customs accumulated. By the mid-1800s, Christmas re-emerged into public culture, not as a restored Christian holy day, but as a reassembled seasonal festival shaped by folklore, family practice, and winter necessity.

Only later was it fully absorbed, standardized, and commercialized.

That shift, from household memory to mass reproduction…. changed everything.


Santa Claus, Commercialism, and My Mom’s Coca-Cola Bathroom

Santa is one of the clearest examples of what happens when household tradition gives way to mass culture. Early versions of Santa look nothing like the modern mascot. Long robes. Staffs. Hoods. Sometimes thin. Sometimes eerie. Often dressed in green, brown, or deep red.

These figures echo older winter travelers. Odin riding the sky, spirits roaming during Yule, ancestors moving close. This transformation accelerated in the 1800s, when American illustrators and writers began merging European folklore with newly invented holiday imagery.

By then, Santa took shape again.

My husband and I recently found a reproduction Santa figure based on an 1897 illustration. He’s dressed in a long green robe with a staff in hand. This style was common in the 1800s, especially in Germanic and Scandinavian traditions where the winter gift-giver was closer to a folkloric spirit than a cozy grandfather. Seeing him in that deep forest green, with that hooded, old-world posture, makes it obvious how far the modern Santa has drifted from his roots.


By the 1900s, Coca-Cola standardized him. Red suit. White trim. Jolly. Brand-safe. Growing up, this wasn’t abstract for me.

My mom worked for Coca-Cola when the company was based in Richmond, Virginia, in the early 1980s. My first word was “Coke.” Coca-Cola wasn’t just a brand in our house, it was part of the atmosphere.

My mom loved Coca-Cola décor. We had Coca-Cola signs, collectibles, and even a full Coca-Cola bathroom. At the time, it just felt normal. Cozy, even. Americana. Tradition.

I didn’t realize until much later how completely my sense of “holiday spirit” had been shaped by corporate nostalgia rather than ancestral memory. What I thought of as timeless wasn’t old at all. It was manufactured, standardized, and sold back to us as heritage.

That doesn’t make it evil. But it does matter.

Because when branding replaces ritual, something gets flattened. The symbols remain, but the relationship is gone. What was once seasonal, local, and embodied becomes aesthetic. Consumable. Safe.

And for many of us, that’s the only version of winter we were ever given.

That’s not a judgment. It’s just reality. Most of us weren’t raised with ritual.
We were raised with branding.

What was lost in that transformation wasn’t belief. It was relationship— to land, to season, to memory.

And the people who held onto that relationship longest were already labeled for it.


Why “Heathen” Never Meant Godless

The word heathen never originally meant immoral or evil.

It meant rural.

Its earliest known form, haithno, is feminine and means “woman of the heath” — the open, uncultivated land beyond cities and roads. From there it spread through Germanic languages: Anglo-Saxon hǣþen, Old Norse heidinn, Old High German heidan.

Clergy used heathen to describe those who kept ancestral customs while cities converted. The 8th-century monk Paulus Diaconus wrote of heidenin commane (the rural people) calling them “the wild heathen.”

Offerings to trees, springs, and stones were condemned as sacrilege. Over time, heathen merged with Latin paganus, meaning “rural dweller,” and gentilis, meaning “of another tribe.”

What began as a description of people who would not leave the wild became a moral accusation.

Later, the same language was exported outward… applied to colonized lands as uncivilized or heathen.

The fear was never really about gods. It was about land that refused to be controlled.

What Actually Happened, and Why the Old Ways Are Calling Back

The same patterns repeat across centuries: suppression, survival, absorption, and forgetting.

But we need to be honest about what that suppression looked like.

This was not a gentle handoff.
It was not mutual exchange.
It was not respectful evolution.

Christianity did not simply reinterpret older traditions.
It destroyed them where it could.

This is not rhetoric. It is history.

Historian Catherine Nixey documents this process in The Darkening Age. Early Christianity treated pagan traditions not as ancestors, but as enemies. Temples were smashed. Statues were defaced. Sacred groves were cut down. Libraries were burned. Seasonal rites that had structured life for centuries were criminalized.

This destruction was not hidden or accidental. It was celebrated.

Christian writers praised the demolition of temples. They mocked the old gods as demons. Beauty, pleasure, ritual, and joy were reframed as moral danger. Festivals became obscene. Feasting became gluttony. The body itself became suspect.

What could not be eradicated outright was stripped, renamed, and absorbed, while its origins were denied.

The solstice became Christ’s birth.
The returning sun became metaphor.
Evergreens became safe symbols.
Ancestor offerings were reduced to children’s fantasy.

This was not borrowing. It was conquest, followed by selective inheritance.

When that conquest met resistance in rural places, in households, and in women’s hands, it adapted. It waited. It layered itself over what remained.

That is why the seams still show. That is why Christmas has always felt haunted.
Layered. Conflicted. Unstable.

What survived did so despite institutional Christianity, not because of it.

It survived in kitchens and hearths. In fields and forests.
In winter nights and quiet ritual.
In land-based people who refused to forget how the seasons worked.

Centuries later, capitalism finished what religion began. What remained was flattened into nostalgia, branding, and spectacle.

Not because the old ways were weak.
But because they were powerful.


Why the Call Feels Loud Again

The pull people feel now toward solstice, ancestors, darkness, rest, and land is not aesthetic.

It is memory.

It is the body remembering rhythms it was trained to forget.
It is the psyche rejecting constant light, constant productivity, constant cheer.
It is old intelligence resurfacing after centuries of suppression.

The old gods were never gone. They were buried. Winter has a way of thawing buried things.

If something in you responds to the fire, the darkness, the offering, or the pause, that does not mean you are rejecting modern life or indulging fantasy.

It means you are responding to a pattern older than doctrine.
Older than empire. Older than the fear that tried to erase it.

What was destroyed is stirring. What was taken is being remembered.

In a few days, I’ll be sitting down with Universal Pagan Temple for a conversation on pagan culture, ritual, history, and lived practice, with Sigrún Gregerson, Pagan priestess and educator. If this piece brought up questions for you, about Yule, Mother’s Night, ancestor work, or what reclaiming these traditions actually looks like, I’d love to carry them into that conversation. Feel free to leave your questions in the comments or send them my way.

This is how the old ways return.
Quietly. Carefully. Through memory, practice, and conversation.

My Mother’s Night Altar 12.20.25