7m Mandate: TikTok’s Dance with Dominionism

Unveiling the 7 Mountain Mandate (7M) of the TikTok Dance Cult

The 7 Mountain Mandate (7M) is a concept in some Christian dominionist circles that posits that Christians are meant to dominate the seven spheres or mountains of society: religion, family, education, government, media, arts and entertainment, and business.

The belief is that by gaining influence in these areas, Christians can bring about societal transformation that aligns with their religious values.

What is Christian Dominionism?

Christian dominionism is a belief system that advocates for Christians to govern all aspects of society, including politics, law, and culture, based on biblical principles. This ideology is rooted in the idea that God’s law should be the foundation for governance and that Christians are mandated to take dominion over all areas of life.

Key Points of the 7 Mountain Mandate:

  1. Religion: Emphasizes the importance of spreading Christian teachings and principles within religious communities and institutions.
  2. Family: Focuses on promoting traditional Christian family values and structures.
  3. Education: Seeks to influence educational systems to include Christian teachings and values.
  4. Government: Advocates for Christians to hold governmental positions and influence policy to reflect Christian values.
  5. Media: Encourages Christians to engage in media to shape public perception and discourse in line with Christian principles.
  6. Arts and Entertainment: Aims to infuse arts and entertainment with Christian themes and messages.
  7. Business: Promotes ethical business practices based on Christian values and seeks to gain economic influence.

Shekinah Church

Shekinah Church is typically associated with charismatic Christian movements and emphasizes the presence and glory of God (Shekinah). The term “Shekinah” is derived from Hebrew, referring to the divine presence. Churches with this name often focus on intense worship experiences, miracles, healing, and prophetic teachings.

Key Characteristics of Shekinah Churches:

  1. Worship: Highly expressive and emotional worship services that seek to usher in the tangible presence of God.
  2. Miracles and Healing: Emphasis on supernatural occurrences such as healing, miracles, and prophetic words.
  3. Prophetic Ministry: Strong focus on the prophetic, with teachings and practices that involve hearing and speaking God’s will.
  4. Community: Often foster a close-knit community with a shared sense of mission and spiritual experience.
  5. Charismatic Leadership: Typically led by charismatic leaders who are seen as specially anointed by God.

Connection between 7M and Shekinah Church:

Many churches that align with the 7 Mountain Mandate share characteristics with Shekinah Churches in their charismatic approach to worship and ministry. They often emphasize a holistic approach to faith that seeks to permeate all aspects of life and society.

Christian dominionism poses significant risks to the foundational principles of a pluralistic, democratic society. It can undermine the separation of church and state, suppress individual rights, promote intolerance, and impact education and legislation in ways that can be detrimental to social cohesion and democratic governance. Recognizing and addressing these dangers is essential to maintaining a fair and equitable society for all.

Dangers of Christian Dominionism

  1. Erosion of Separation of Church and State:
    • Dominionism blurs the line between religion and government, challenging the principle of separation of church and state. This can lead to laws and policies that favor one religion over others, undermining religious freedom and pluralism.
  2. Suppression of Individual Rights:
    • When government policies are based on specific religious beliefs, individual rights and freedoms, particularly those of religious minorities, non-religious people, and marginalized groups, can be threatened. This can result in discrimination and reduced protections for those who do not adhere to the dominant religious ideology.
  3. Undermining Democratic Principles:
    • Dominionism often involves a hierarchical and authoritarian approach to governance, which can conflict with democratic values such as equality, freedom of speech, and the protection of minority rights. This can lead to an erosion of democratic institutions and norms.
  4. Promotion of Intolerance:
    • By promoting a specific religious worldview as the basis for all aspects of life, dominionism can foster intolerance towards those with different beliefs and lifestyles. This can exacerbate social divisions and conflict.
  5. Impact on Education:
    • Dominionist influences can lead to the promotion of creationism and other religious doctrines in public school curricula, undermining scientific education and critical thinking. This can have long-term negative effects on students’ understanding of science and their ability to engage in evidence-based reasoning.
  6. Legislation Based on Religious Doctrine:
    • Policies and laws influenced by dominionist ideology may impose specific religious morals and values on the broader population, affecting issues such as reproductive rights, LGBTQ+ rights, and women’s rights. This can lead to the restriction of personal freedoms and civil liberties.
  7. Global Implications:
    • The influence of Christian dominionism is not limited to domestic policy but can also affect international relations and foreign policy. For example, it can shape attitudes towards other countries and international conflicts based on religious beliefs, potentially leading to biased or unilateral decision-making.

Understanding cult awareness, Christian nationalism, and brainwashing is crucial for safeguarding individual autonomy, protecting democratic principles, and promoting social cohesion.

Cult Awareness: Cults can manipulate vulnerable individuals through coercive techniques, exploiting their trust and autonomy. By raising awareness about cult tactics and behaviors, we empower individuals to recognize warning signs and seek support.

Christian Nationalism: Christian nationalism poses a threat to religious freedom, democracy, and social harmony. By recognizing and addressing the influence of Christian nationalist ideologies in politics and society, we can uphold secular governance and protect the rights of all individuals, regardless of their religious beliefs.

Brainwashing: Brainwashing techniques can be used to manipulate individuals’ thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors, leading to harmful consequences. By understanding how brainwashing works and promoting critical thinking skills, we can empower individuals to resist manipulation and make informed decisions.

Together, awareness of cult tactics, vigilance against Christian nationalist agendas, and promotion of critical thinking serve as powerful tools in safeguarding individual autonomy, protecting democratic values, and fostering a more inclusive and resilient society.

Addressing Christian Nationalism: Action Steps

  1. Promote Education and Awareness:
    • Educate communities about the dangers of Christian nationalism and its impact on democracy, religious freedom, and human rights.
  2. Advocate for Secular Governance:
    • Support policies and initiatives that uphold the separation of church and state, ensuring that religious beliefs do not influence government decisions.
  3. Encourage Interfaith Dialogue:
    • Foster conversations between different religious groups to promote understanding, tolerance, and cooperation.
  4. Combat Discrimination and Exclusion:
    • Advocate for inclusive policies that protect the rights of religious minorities, non-religious individuals, and marginalized communities.
  5. Strengthen Democratic Institutions:
    • Support efforts to strengthen democratic institutions, uphold the rule of law, and protect democratic principles from religious influence.
  6. Promote Civic Engagement:
    • Encourage active participation in civic life, including voting, community organizing, and advocacy for policies that promote equality and justice.
  7. Hold Leaders Accountable:
    • Hold political leaders accountable for their actions and statements that promote or enable Christian nationalist agendas.
  8. Support Grassroots Movements:
    • Join or support grassroots movements that work to counteract Christian nationalism and promote secular governance and pluralism.
  9. Engage in Peaceful Protest:
    • Participate in peaceful protests and demonstrations to raise awareness about the dangers of Christian nationalism and advocate for change.
  10. Build Coalitions:
    • Collaborate with like-minded organizations and individuals to build coalitions and amplify efforts to combat Christian nationalism and promote democratic values.

 Dive into this week’s podcast episode exploring radicalization, conspiracies, and brainwashing tactics!  High control religions employee these techniques which can significantly influence and control their members’ thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, creating a closed system that is resistant to outside influence and critical thinking. 

🎧Listen here!

💡 By raising awareness of cult tactics, staying vigilant against nationalist agendas, and promoting critical thinking, we can safeguard individual autonomy and protect democratic values. 

Together, let’s build a more inclusive and resilient society! ✊ 

#AwarenessIsKey #CriticalThinking #SafeguardDemocracy 

Unveiling the Influence: Social Media’s Role in Recruitment and Brainwashing

Over the last few weeks, we have been exploring the complex interplay between radicalization, conspiracies and religion. During the pandemic, I was one of those new-age rebels that was pumped into conspiracy and conversion to religion pipeline. I was one of those people seeking answers and meaning that was drawn to radical ideologies and conspiratorial narratives that promised belonging, purpose, and empowerment.

A huge aspect of my deconstruction process is realizing how I’ve been susceptible and caught up in cult-like dynamics for most of my adult life. I spent years entangled in an MLM (2016-2020), which only worsened my dis0rded eat1ng behaviors from high school. These products often promoting unrealistic body standards and fostering unhealthy relationships with food. Feeling lost without that community, I was drawn into pandem1c conspiracies and eventually into high-control religion.

The “crunchy hippie to alt-right pipeline” is a phenomenon where individuals initially attracted to alternative wellness and New Age practices become increasingly exposed to far-right ideologies. This shift is facilitated by social media algorithms and influential figures who blend wellness content with conspiracy theories and extremist views.

Key Points of the Pipeline:

  1. Algorithmic Influence:
    • Social media platforms like YouTube and Instagram use algorithms that can gradually expose users to more extreme content. For instance, someone watching videos on natural health remedies might eventually receive recommendations for videos that include far-right conspiracy theories or anti-establishment rhetoric​ (Virginia Review of Politics)​.
  2. Overlapping Values:
    • Certain aspects of New Age and wellness cultures, such as skepticism of mainstream medicine and government, overlap with the distrust and anti-establishment sentiments of far-right groups. This makes the transition smoother as the ideologies can appear to support each other​ (Cross Cultural Solidarity)​.
  3. Influential Figures:
    • Wellness influencers who propagate conspiracy theories (like QAnon) help bridge the gap between New Age communities and far-right ideologies. They often present themselves as offering alternative truths, which can be appealing to those already disillusioned with conventional systems​ (Cross Cultural Solidarity)​.
  4. Community Dynamics:
    • Online communities play a crucial role. Individuals often seek validation and a sense of belonging in these groups. Once part of a community that blends wellness with far-right views, it becomes easier to accept and internalize these extremist ideologies​ (Virginia Review of Politics)​​ (Cross Cultural Solidarity)​.

Implications:

  • Radicalization: This pipeline can lead to the radicalization of individuals who initially joined wellness communities for benign reasons but gradually adopt extremist views.
  • Polarization: The spread of far-right ideologies within wellness spaces contributes to societal polarization and the mainstreaming of conspiracy theories.
  • Public Health Concerns:
    • Misinformation and Hesitancy towards “BigPharma”
      Social media platforms have been conduits for the dissemination of misinformation regarding 💉, leading to hesitancy. False claims about safety and conspiracy theories have undermined public health efforts.
    • Addressing these public health concerns requires a multi-faceted approach that includes combating misinformation, improving mental health services, addressing healthcare inequities, ensuring continuity of chronic disease management, strengthening public health infrastructure, and promoting evidence-based health practices. Public awareness and education, policy reforms, and community engagement are essential in tackling these challenges and improving overall public health outcomes

Conclusion:

Understanding this pipeline is essential for recognizing how seemingly unrelated interests in wellness and spirituality can be co-opted by extremist ideologies. It highlights the need for vigilance and critical thinking in online spaces, as well as the importance of promoting credible information and fostering inclusive communities. For more detailed discussions on this topic, you can refer to articles from sources like the Virginia Review of Politics and Cross Cultural Solidarity​ (Virginia Review of Politics)​​ (Cross Cultural Solidarity)​.

Over the last few months, I’ve learned that multilevel marketing companies, conspiracy theories, and high-control religions share similarities in their recruitment tactics, manipulation of beliefs, and the creation of insular communities. They often use charismatic leaders, exploit emotional vulnerabilities, and promote an us-versus-them mentality to maintain control and loyalty among their followers. 🫨

Social media wields considerable influence in radicalizing individuals and indoctrinating them into high-control religions and MLM schemes through the use of various potent methods and strategies.

The concern about their role in radicalization, polarization, and recruitment into high-control groups, MLMs, and religions is significant but often underplayed. Social media platforms can amplify echo chambers, spreading misinformation and extreme views quickly. Algorithms prioritize engaging content, which can include sensationalist or divisive posts, fostering an environment ripe for radicalization and recruitment. Additionally, the sense of community and belonging offered by these groups can be appealing, making individuals more susceptible to their influence. Greater awareness and critical media literacy are essential to mitigate these risks.

🔑 Primary methods employed on social media:

1️⃣ Direct Messaging: Followers can reach out to potential recruits directly through private messages, providing personalized attention and answers to their questions, fostering a sense of personal connection and care.
Influencers and Leaders: Charismatic leaders and influencers within can use their social media presence to attract followers, often by presenting themselves as relatable and trustworthy figures.

2️⃣ Content Flooding: These groups can flood social media with posts, videos, and articles promoting their beliefs. This constant stream of content can overwhelm users, making it difficult for them to encounter alternative perspectives.
Misinformation: False or misleading information can be spread to discredit critics, demonize outsiders, and paint the religion in a positive light, further ensnaring individuals who come across such content.

3️⃣ Inspirational Stories: Testimonials, miracle stories, and dramatic conversions are shared widely to evoke strong emotional responses, making the religion appear attractive and compelling.
Fear Tactics: Content that promotes fear of worldly dangers, apocalyptic scenarios, or spiritual consequences of not joining the religion can be used to manipulate users into adopting the group’s beliefs.

4️⃣ Algorithmic Targeting: Social media platforms use algorithms to show content that aligns with users’ existing beliefs and interests. Once someone engages with this content, they are likely to see more of it, reinforcing their views.
Group Isolation: Users can join groups and follow pages that only promote the ideology of the high control religion or MLM, effectively creating echo chambers where dissenting views are absent.

5️⃣ Virtual Communities: Social media platforms allow the formation of virtual communities where members can interact, share experiences, and reinforce each other’s beliefs. This sense of community can be a powerful draw for those seeking belonging.
Exclusive Content: Providing exclusive content, such as live sermons, special teachings, and interactive sessions, can create a sense of privilege and deeper connection among followers.


6️⃣ Engagement Metrics: Likes, shares, and comments serve as positive reinforcement for engaging with content, encouraging users to consume and spread more of it.
Regular Interaction: Frequent interaction with content through daily posts, challenges, and reminders helps to condition users’ behavior and integrate the religion or products into their daily routine.


7️⃣ Multi-Platform Presence: Both high control religions and MLMs often maintain a presence across multiple social media platforms, ensuring that their message reaches users wherever they spend their time online.
Coordinated Campaigns: Coordinated campaigns across platforms can amplify the reach and impact of their message, creating a pervasive online presence that is hard to escape.


8️⃣ Data Analytics: Social media platforms gather data on user behavior, preferences, and interactions, which can be analyzed to tailor more effective recruitment and indoctrination strategies.
Monitoring and Policing: Leaders and members can monitor interactions within their social media groups to quickly address dissent and reinforce group norms.


9️⃣ Virality of Content: High-quality, engaging, and provocative content is more likely to go viral. By exploiting social media algorithms that prioritize such content, these groups can rapidly spread their message to a broad audience.
Hashtag Campaigns: Using specific hashtags can help content gain visibility and connect with trending topics, drawing in users who might not have actively sought out this particular kind of content.

To avoid being recruited into high-control religions or MLMs on social media, consider these strategies:

  1. Be cautious of persuasive tactics: Watch out for overly aggressive or manipulative recruitment techniques, such as love bombing or excessive flattery.
  2. Research the organization: Look into the background and reputation of the group or company before getting involved. Check for any red flags or warning signs of cult-like behavior.
  3. Trust your instincts: If something feels off or too good to be true, it probably is. Listen to your gut instincts and don’t ignore any feelings of discomfort.
  4. Set boundaries: Establish clear boundaries for yourself and stick to them. Don’t be afraid to say no or walk away if you feel pressured or uncomfortable.
  5. Seek advice from trusted sources: Talk to friends, family, or mentors about your concerns before making any decisions. They may offer valuable insights or perspectives that you hadn’t considered.
  6. Educate yourself: Learn about the tactics and strategies used by high-control groups and MLMs to recruit and retain members. Being informed can help you recognize and resist manipulation more effectively.
  7. Practice critical thinking: Be skeptical of any promises of quick wealth or guaranteed salvation. Take the time to evaluate information critically and consider multiple perspectives before making a decision.

By staying vigilant and informed, you can protect yourself from falling victim to high-control religions or MLMs on social media.

#Brainwashing #MindControl #Awareness #StayInformed #Psychology #CriticalThinking #HighControlReligion #CultAwareness #KnowledgeIsPower #deconstruction #deconstructioncommunity #faith #conspiracytheory #socialmedia

From Conspiracy to Cult–How I was recruited into high control religion.

Hey hey Truth seekers! Welcome back to Taste of Truth Tuesdays. It’s Megan Leigh here, your host, and today we’re mixing up our usual bite-sized conversations on fitness, nutrition, mindset, and spirituality with something a little different. Buckle up, because we’re diving headfirst into the fascinating (and sometimes unsettling) world of end-times obsession and its connection to conspiracy theories.

This season, we’re all about unpacking trends, debunking myths, and delivering practical tips for living a healthier, more balanced life. But today, we’re taking a detour. Have you ever found yourself tumbling down the rabbit hole of radical ideologies or swept up in the fervor of religious conversion? If so, you’re not alone. In fact, during the pandemic, I saw firsthand how deeply conspiracies and religious movements can intertwine, drawing people in with promises of belonging, purpose, and empowerment.

Picture this: it’s the height of the pandemic. Isolation, uncertainty, and fear are at an all-time high. Suddenly, conspiracy theories start to feel less like fringe ideas and more like a secret society offering answers and clarity. For many, including myself, this seductive pull can lead straight into the arms of cult-like dynamics. Let’s rewind a bit so I can share my journey.

From 2016 to 2020, I was caught in the grip of multi-level marketing (MLM) schemes. You know the ones—alluring promises of financial freedom and community, flashy products that claim to change your life but often come with unrealistic body standards and toxic relationships with food. At the time, I was searching for connection and a sense of control, but instead, I found myself hooked like a fish on a line, reeled into a world that felt more like a trap the deeper I went.

Now it’s 2020, the beginning of the pandemic, and I found myself knee-deep in conspiracy theories faster than you can say “tin foil hat.” Before I knew it, I was lured into the clutches of a high-control religion, complete with charismatic leaders and an intense “us versus them” mentality. Are you buckled up, folks? Good, because we’re about to embark on a wild ride through the intriguing world of religious prophecy, biblical interpretations, and the end-times obsession that has everyone talking.

Imagine modern American culture—a melting pot of beliefs and ideologies—stirred up with a hefty dose of religious prophecy. For centuries, Christians have been captivated by the idea of the apocalypse, with theological discussions diving deep into the mysterious realms of biblical prophecy. But hold onto your hats, because things have kicked into high gear in recent times. By “recent,” I mean the last 100-200 years. Evangelical Christians, in particular, have cranked their confidence levels to 11, interpreting every hiccup in current events as a surefire sign that the end is near.

Let’s rewind a little to the 19th century. This was a time of upheaval and change, where discoveries in science and historical criticism were turning the world on its head. This era sparked a renewed fervor for interpreting religious texts through a literal lens—a trend that still echoes today. Critics of the literal hermeneutic argue that it can be overly simplistic and fails to account for the complexities and nuances of ancient texts. They contend that a purely literal interpretation can overlook metaphorical or symbolic meanings, cultural contexts, and the evolving nature of language over time. Additionally, critics suggest that such an approach may lead to fundamentalism and rigid dogmatism rather than a deeper understanding of the text.

The lie of Biblical Inerrancy

And let’s not forget about the false doctrine of biblical inerrancy, another shiny new invention from the 19th century. Rogers and McKim argued that the Princeton theologians of the 19th and early 20th centuries, most notably B.B. Warfield, created the doctrine of inerrancy, which teaches that the Bible is entirely without error in all that it affirms. This little gem teaches that the Bible is without error—a claim that’s got more holes than a block of Swiss cheese. By focusing so heavily on inerrancy, proponents often miss the deeper, more nuanced messages these texts are trying to convey. 🚩🚩Read my blog: Rethinking biblical inerrancy.

Since the publication of C.I. Scofield’s edition of the King James Version in 1909, premillennial dispensationalism came to dominate evangelical thought. Premillennial Dispensationalism is a Christian theological perspective that combines premillennialism with dispensationalism. Here’s a breakdown of the components:

Premillennialism: This is the belief that Jesus Christ will return to Earth before (pre-) a thousand-year period of peace and righteousness known as the Millennium. According to premillennialists, the Second Coming of Christ will precede this millennial reign, during which Christ will physically rule on Earth.

Dispensationalism: This is a framework for interpreting the Bible that divides history into distinct periods or “dispensations.” Each dispensation is seen as a specific way in which God interacts with humanity. Dispensationalists typically identify seven such periods, ranging from the time of innocence in the Garden of Eden to the millennial kingdom and beyond.

When combined, Premillennial Dispensationalism holds that:

  • We are currently living in a dispensation known as the “Church Age,” which will end with the rapture of the church, where believers are taken up to meet Christ in the air.
  • This event will be followed by a seven-year period of tribulation, characterized by widespread suffering and the rise of the Antichrist.
  • At the end of the tribulation, Christ will return to Earth to defeat the forces of evil in the Battle of Armageddon.
  • Following this, Christ will establish His millennial kingdom, reigning for a thousand years of peace and justice.
  • After the Millennium, there will be a final rebellion, followed by the last judgment and the creation of a new heaven and a new earth.

Influence on Evangelical and Fundamentalist Thought

Widespread Adoption: The Scofield Reference Bible became a staple in many evangelical and fundamentalist seminaries, churches, and homes, solidifying dispensationalism’s dominance in American evangelicalism.

Theological Education: Institutions such as Dallas Theological Seminary, including prominent figures like Dwight Pentecost and John F. Walvoord, and Moody Bible Institute became centers for dispensationalist teaching, training generations of pastors, theologians, and missionaries.

Popular Culture: Dispensationalist ideas have permeated popular culture, particularly through books like Hal Lindsey’s “The Late Great Planet Earth” and the “Left Behind” series by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins, which present fictionalized accounts of the rapture and tribulation period.

Political Influence: Dispensationalist beliefs have influenced the political views of many evangelicals, particularly regarding support for the state of Israel, which is seen as a fulfillment of biblical prophecy.

Dispensationalist beliefs have significantly influenced the political views of many evangelicals, particularly regarding support for the state of Israel, which is seen as a fulfillment of biblical prophecy. This theological perspective interprets the establishment of Israel in 1948 as a pivotal event in God’s prophetic timeline, intensifying evangelical support for Israel in both religious and political spheres.

Historical Context and Political Engagement

The late 20th century marked a shift from evangelical separatism to active political engagement, notably through the emergence of the Christian Right. Influential figures like Jerry Falwell, founder of the Moral Majority in 1979, emphasized unwavering support for Israel, viewing its existence as central to divine prophecy. Falwell’s trips to Israel, sponsored by the Israeli government, underscored this commitment, and he became a prominent advocate for pro-Israel U.S. foreign policy.

This period also saw the rise of dispensationalist literature, such as Hal Lindsey’s “The Late Great Planet Earth,” which linked contemporary events to biblical prophecies, further galvanizing evangelical support for Israel. Such works suggested that geopolitical developments involving Israel were direct fulfillments of scripture, reinforcing the theological imperative to support the Jewish state.

Contemporary Political Influence

In recent years, dispensationalist beliefs continue to shape evangelical political perspectives. Support for Israel remains a pivotal issue, often influencing voting patterns and policy advocacy. For instance, during the 2024 U.S. presidential election, evangelical leaders emphasized the importance of backing Israel, equating it with other core issues like pro-life advocacy. Ralph Reed, founder of the Faith and Freedom Coalition, stated that support for Israel rivals pro-life issues in evangelical importance, highlighting the enduring impact of dispensationalist theology on political priorities.

Furthermore, political figures have recognized and appealed to this demographic. Former President Donald Trump, for example, acknowledged the strong support for Israel among evangelical Christians, noting that “Christians love Israel more than Jews.” This statement reflects the deep-seated theological convictions that drive evangelical support for Israel, rooted in dispensationalist interpretations of biblical prophecy.

Critiques and Considerations

While dispensationalist-driven support for Israel is significant, it is not without controversy. My concern here is that such theological perspectives can lead to uncritical political alliances, potentially overlooking complex geopolitical realities and ethical considerations. The intertwining of religious prophecy with foreign policy raises questions about the implications of basing political decisions on specific theological interpretations.

Dispensationalist beliefs have profoundly influenced evangelical political views, particularly regarding support for Israel. This theological framework interprets the modern state of Israel as a fulfillment of biblical prophecy, driving political engagement and shaping policy advocacy among evangelicals.

One of the telltale signs of this belief is the date-setting historicism of figures like Hal Lindsey (which I mentioned on my testimony podcast episode, if you remember) who identify current events as the fulfillment of biblical prophecies. Here are a few more examples to watch out for! 🚩

  • David Jeremiah: Senior pastor of Shadow Mountain Community Church and author of several books on prophecy and end times, Jeremiah is a well-known contemporary dispensationalist preacher.
  • Chuck Missler: Chuck Missler (1934-2018) was a prominent figure in evangelical Christian circles, known for his deep and often controversial insights into biblical prophecy and end times. He was the founder of Koinonia House, a ministry dedicated to providing biblical teaching through various media.
    • Key Points about Chuck Missler:
      • Biblical Prophecy and Eschatology: Missler was well-known for his detailed studies on the book of Revelation and other prophetic scriptures.
      • Integration of Science and Scripture: He often discussed topics like quantum physics, extraterrestrial life, and the technological advancements in relation to biblical texts, aiming to show that modern science supports the Bible. 🚩
      • Controversial Views: His unconventional perspectives sometimes placed him on the fringes of mainstream evangelical thought, making him a figure of interest in conspiracy theory circles.
      • Promoted by Conspiracy Pages: Missler’s work has found a following among conspiracy theorist communities, including social media accounts like kingkat2.0.
  • Thomas Ice: Executive Director of the Pre-Trib Research Center, Ice is a prominent scholar and proponent of dispensational premillennialism.
  • Dave Hunt: Known for his critical works on Catholicism, mysticism, and New Age practices, Hunt was an influential figure in evangelical circles. His books often weave biblical prophecy with contemporary events, painting a picture of a world on the brink of divine judgment. 🚩 Hunt’s tendency to overemphasize conspiratorial themes, such as connections between the Vatican and global control, exemplifies the merging of theological and speculative narratives.

So, what’s the bottom line?

These ideologies offer a simplistic worldview where believers feel part of an exclusive group with hidden knowledge and a righteous mission from the big guy upstairs. Conspiracies can provide a framework for interpreting the world and understanding perceived injustices or challenges. They often exploit feelings of fear, uncertainty, and distrust, portraying religious or ideological adversaries as sinister forces working against the believer’s values.

As someone who has walked this path, I want to shed light on how these patterns develop and how we can break free from their grip. In today’s episode, we’ll explore the tactics that draw people into these worlds, the warning signs to watch for, and most importantly, how to reclaim your sense of self and create a balanced, fulfilling life beyond the allure of quick fixes and easy answers.

So, whether you’re curious about the psychology behind these phenomena or looking to make sense of your own experiences, this episode is for you. Together, we’ll unravel the mysteries of these enticing yet dangerous dynamics, one thread at a time.

Whether it’s an MLM, a conspiracy theory, or a religious sect, they all have one thing in common—they thrive on manipulation and exploitation. 😈 From emotional vulnerabilities to charismatic leaders who skillfully manipulate followers, these groups use tactics designed to control and exploit individuals for their own gain.

They often prey on people’s fears, insecurities, and desires for belonging, creating an environment where critical thinking is suppressed, and loyalty is demanded. By promising quick solutions, ultimate truths, or exclusive knowledge, they ensnare individuals into cycles of dependence and obedience, all while profiting from their followers’ dedication and sacrifice.

High control religions often employ a variety of psychological techniques that can be categorized as brainwashing to maintain control over their members. These methods can be understood through the following key strategies:

1. Isolation

  • Physical Isolation: Members may be encouraged or required to live in communal settings away from the outside world, reducing their exposure to differing opinions.
  • Social Isolation: Members are often discouraged from associating with outsiders, including family and friends who are not part of the religion, leading to an echo chamber effect.

2. Control of Information

  • Censorship: Access to information, particularly from outside sources, is heavily restricted. Members are often told to avoid books, websites, and media that might criticize or contradict the group’s teachings.
  • Propaganda: The group provides a controlled flow of information that consistently reinforces its beliefs and practices. This includes frequent meetings, sermons, and literature that promote the group’s ideology.

3. Induced Dependency

  • Emotional Dependency: The group fosters a sense of dependency by portraying itself as the sole source of spiritual truth and salvation. Leaving the group is often presented as leading to spiritual ruin or eternal damnation.
  • Economic Dependency: Members might be financially dependent on the group through communal living, shared resources, or expectations to donate a significant portion of their income.

4. Manipulation of Emotions

  • Fear and Guilt: High control religions often use fear tactics, such as threats of punishment, divine retribution, or ostracism, to maintain control. Guilt is also used to manipulate members into conforming to group norms and practices.
  • Love Bombing: New members often receive an overwhelming amount of attention and affection, creating a sense of belonging and making them more receptive to the group’s influence.

5. Cognitive Dissonance

  • Conflicting Information: The group may present conflicting doctrines or teachings that create cognitive dissonance. Members are then encouraged to resolve this dissonance by accepting the group’s explanation or by attributing any doubts to their own lack of faith or understanding.
  • Repetitive Messaging: Constant repetition of the group’s ideology helps to internalize beliefs, making it harder for members to question or think critically about them.

6. Control of the Environment

  • Regulation of Environment: The group regulates the environment of its members through strict schedules, rituals, and practices. This control extends to aspects of daily life, including diet, dress, sleep, and social interactions.
  • Totalist Doctrine: The group’s doctrine is presented as the absolute and only truth. Any dissent or deviation is harshly punished or suppressed.

7. Loss of Identity OR Identity Confusion

  • Role Confusion: Members are often given new identities or roles that are closely tied to the group’s ideology. This can include new names, titles, or responsibilities that align with the group’s goals.
  • Erosion of Personal Boundaries: Personal boundaries are often dissolved, with the group demanding complete loyalty and submission to its leaders and teachings.

8. Exploitation of Psychological Vulnerabilities

  • Targeting Vulnerable Individuals: High control religions often target individuals who are experiencing personal crises, loneliness, or seeking meaning in life. These individuals are more susceptible to the group’s message and control techniques.
  • Gradual Indoctrination: The process of indoctrination is typically gradual, starting with mild teachings and escalating to more extreme beliefs and practices as the member becomes more deeply involved.

By employing these techniques, high control religions can significantly influence and control their members’ thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, creating a closed system that is resistant to outside influence and critical thinking.

Are you prepared to continue unraveling the mysteries? Tune into this episode as we delve further into… exposing the Impact of social media on Recruitment and Manipulation. Until then, maintain your curiosity, embrace skepticism, and keep tuning in! 🎙️🔒

For a deeper understanding of brainwashing and related psychological manipulation techniques, you can explore a variety of resources spanning books, academic papers, and credible online articles. Here are some notable recommendations:

### Books
1. **”Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism” by Robert Jay Lifton**: This seminal work offers a detailed examination of brainwashing techniques used during the Chinese thought reform programs.
2. **”Cults in Our Midst: The Hidden Menace in Our Everyday Lives” by Margaret Thaler Singer and Janja Lalich**: This book provides insights into the psychological mechanisms of cults and brainwashing.
3. **”Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion” by Robert B. Cialdini**: While not exclusively about brainwashing, this book explores the principles of influence and manipulation.
4. **”Combatting Cult Mind Control” by Steven Hassan**: This book by a former cult member and mental health counselor offers practical advice and personal insights into the process of mind control and how to counter it.

### Academic Articles
1. **”Brainwashing: The Science of Thought Control” by Kathleen Taylor**: This article, and the book of the same name, delve into the scientific basis of brainwashing and its effects on the brain.
2. **”Psychological Coercion and Human Rights: Exploring the Notion of Brainwashing”**: Various academic journals explore the intersection of psychological coercion and human rights, providing theoretical and empirical insights.

### Online Resources
1. **The International Cultic Studies Association (ICSA)**: Their website offers a wealth of articles, research papers, and resources on brainwashing, mind control, and cultic studies.
2. **APA PsycNet**: The American Psychological Association’s database provides access to numerous scholarly articles on brainwashing and related topics.
3. **TED Talks and Documentaries**: Several TED Talks and documentaries explore the impact of psychological manipulation and brainwashing, offering both expert insights and personal stories.

By exploring these resources, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms, effects, and countermeasures related to brainwashing.

#Brainwashing #MindControl #Awareness #StayInformed #Psychology #CriticalThinking #HighControlReligion #CultAwareness #KnowledgeIsPower #deconstruction #deconstructioncommunity #faith #podcast #endtimesbeliefs #taste0ftruthtuesdays

Understanding Hypermasculinity: Impacts on Society and Mental Health

Hypermasculinity is a psychological term describing the exaggeration of male stereotypical behavior, emphasizing traits such as physical strength, aggression, and sexuality.

It involves an overemphasis on traditional masculine traits and behaviors, often to the exclusion of traits considered less traditionally masculine, such as empathy and emotional expression.

Hypermasculinity can lead to harmful behaviors and attitudes, including misogyny, homophobia, and violence, and is often perpetuated by cultural norms and media representations.

🏴‍☠️A Meta-analysis of 39 studies found hyper masculinity to be one of the most powerful predictors of men’s likelihood to commit assault. 🏴‍☠️

Pastors like Mark Driscoll, John Piper, John MacArthur, Steven Furtick, Robert Jeffress (to name a few) emphasize traditional masculine characteristics while downplaying traits that they perceive as “soft” or non-conforming to traditional gender norms.

Hyper masculinity within the church can take various forms including:

1. **Emphasis on Aggression**: Promoting the idea that men should be aggressive, assertive, and dominant, which can lead to conflict and hostility rather than fostering understanding and compassion.

2. **Rigid Gender Roles**: Enforcing strict gender roles where men are expected to be the leaders and decision-makers while women are relegated to supporting roles, limiting both men and women’s potential within the church.

3. **Resistance to Vulnerability**: Discouraging men from showing vulnerability or seeking help, leading to emotional repression and isolation, which contradicts the Christian values of empathy and support.

4. **Denigration of Feminine Traits**: Devaluing traits traditionally associated with femininity, such as sensitivity or nurturing, and promoting a narrow view of masculinity that excludes these qualities.

5. **Preoccupation with Power and Control**: Focusing excessively on maintaining power and control within the church hierarchy, rather than promoting humility, servanthood, and cooperation.

6. **Misuse of Scripture**: Misinterpreting or selectively using biblical passages to justify patriarchal structures and behaviors, rather than interpreting them in a way that promotes equality and mutual respect.

Conservative churches EVERYWHERE may perpetuate hypermasculinity through various means, including:

  1. Gender Role Expectations: Conservative churches often promote traditional gender roles where men are expected to be strong, assertive leaders while women are expected to be nurturing and submissive. This reinforcement of rigid gender norms can contribute to the perpetuation of hypermasculine ideals.
  2. Preaching and Teaching: Sermons and teachings in conservative churches may emphasize masculine traits such as dominance, power, and control, while downplaying or devaluing traits traditionally associated with femininity. This messaging can reinforce hypermasculine behaviors and attitudes.
  3. Leadership Structure: Conservative churches may have hierarchical leadership structures where men hold positions of authority and power, while women are excluded from leadership roles or relegated to supporting roles. This reinforces the idea that leadership and authority are inherently masculine qualities.
  4. Socialization of Boys: Conservative churches may socialize boys from a young age to conform to hypermasculine ideals through youth groups, boys’ clubs, and other activities that emphasize competitiveness, toughness, and aggression.
  5. Response to Change: Conservative churches may resist societal changes that challenge traditional gender roles and masculinity, leading to a reinforcement of hypermasculine attitudes in response to perceived threats to traditional values.

Overall, conservative churches can contribute to the perpetuation of hypermasculinity through their teachings, practices, and socialization processes, which can have harmful effects on individuals and communities.

I hope by providing these examples it helps to illustrate how hyper masculinity within the church can distort Christian teachings and harm both individuals and the community as a whole.

#genderroles#biblicalwomanhood#biblicalmarriage#biblicalmanhood#deconstruction#deconstructioncommunity#traditionalgenderroles#tradwife#biblicalmasculinity#calvinism#submission#womensupportingwomen#genderequality#explorepage#marriage#johnmacarthur#markdriscoll#johnpiper#churchlife#chuches

SOURCES:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X17308571

To learn more about hypermasculinity and its societal impact, you can explore various academic journals, books, and online resources. Here are some recommendations:

  1. Academic Journals:
    • “Psychology of Men & Masculinities”
    • “Men and Masculinities”
    • “Journal of Gender Studies”
    • “Feminism & Psychology”
  2. Books:
    • “The Will to Change: Men, Masculinity, and Love” by bell hooks
    • “Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men” by Michael Kimmel
    • “Angry White Men: American Masculinity at the End of an Era” by Michael Kimmel
    • “The Macho Paradox: Why Some Men Hurt Women and How All Men Can Help” by Jackson Katz
    • “Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional Life of Boys” by Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson
  3. Online Resources:
    • Websites of organizations like the American Psychological Association (APA) or the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) often have articles and resources related to masculinity and mental health.
    • TED Talks and YouTube channels featuring talks by psychologists, sociologists, and activists discussing masculinity and its impact on society.
    • Online forums and communities where individuals share personal experiences and insights about masculinity and gender roles.

These resources provide a range of perspectives and insights into hypermasculinity and its effects on individuals and society.

Challenging Complementarianism in the Church: Uncovering Harmful Gender Ideologies

The idea of biblical womanhood is more about human power structures than the message of Christ. When we examine church history, we can challenge the notion that this belief is inherently biblical.

In the early Christian church, there are several examples of female apostles and leaders:

  1. Mary Magdalene: Mary Magdalene is one of the most prominent figures in the New Testament and is often referred to as the “apostle to the apostles.” She was present at Jesus’ crucifixion, burial, and resurrection, and she was the first to witness the risen Christ and announce his resurrection to the disciples.
  2. Priscilla: Priscilla, along with her husband Aquila, played a significant role in the early Christian church. They are mentioned several times in the New Testament, often as fellow workers with Paul. Priscilla is commended for her teaching and ministry alongside her husband.
  3. Junia: Junia is mentioned by Paul in his letter to the Romans as being “outstanding among the apostles.” This indicates that she held a significant leadership role in the early church and was recognized by Paul as a fellow apostle.
  4. Phoebe: Phoebe is mentioned by Paul in his letter to the Romans as a deaconess or servant of the church in Cenchreae. She is commended for her service to the church and is likely to have held a leadership role.

These are just a few examples of the many women who played important roles in the early Christian church as apostles, leaders, and ministers. Their contributions highlight the diversity and inclusivity of the early Christian community.

The conservative ⛪️ promotes dangerous ideologies-women submitting to men aka Complementarianism.

This ideology has connections to movements like the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (CBMW), which promotes complementarianism and traditional gender roles within conservative Evangelicalism.

This started the rise of New Calvinism, spearheaded by influential figures such as John Piper, John MacArthur, and Mark Driscoll, further reinforcing these gender roles. 🚩

Female gender norms that emphasize tenderness over assertiveness hinder women’s ability to assert themselves and address unfair treatment effectively.

🚨 Women submitting to their husband is a dangerous ideology. 🚨

A major cause of s*xual mistreatment is societal: the structural inequality that gives men power over women. 

The IFS report that showed that conservative highly religious men were far more likely to perpetrate intimate partner violence.

🏴‍☠️A Meta-analysis of 39 studies found hyper-masculinity to be one of the most powerful predictors of men’s likelihood to commit assault. 🏴‍☠️

Couples where the husband dominated decision-making were 2.6 times more likely to experience lower marital satisfaction compared to those who made decisions collaboratively.

This is why ab*se is so common in the ⛪️.

It’s the theology that’s bad. Not just how it’s interpreted.

As I’ve said before, it was deeply painful, realizing I had been influenced by the dangerous lies behind Nancy Pearcey’s book The Toxic War on Masculinity. Which was heavily promoted by David Wolcott, Alisa Childers, Alexa Clark & Frank Turek, who are often associated with right-wing fundamentalist Christianity. 🚩

She said “There’s no need to debate complementarianism or egalitarianism when it comes to marriage” 𝔸𝕔𝕥𝕦𝕒𝕝𝕝𝕪 ℕ𝕒𝕟𝕔𝕪, 𝕎𝕖 𝔻𝕠! Pearcey pulls findings from Gottman’s work, citing that in both egalitarian & hierarchical marriages “emotionally intelligent husbands have figured out the one big thing: how to convey honor and respect.” Thus, she claims, labels don’t matter.

However, she omits to mention the big finding Gottman uses to frame this entire chapter: Complementarian men only do well when they don’t act out hierarchy and put aside their beliefs. You can’t claim beliefs in complementarianism are irrelevant by quoting someone who found acting out those beliefs is disastrous.

This is only ONE of the major criticisms of the book pointing to the lack of empirical evidence to support the claims made in the book, particularly regarding the alleged “war on masculinity.” For more read this!

🚨 We should consider the consequences of promoting ideological narratives without empirical support. 🚨

The liberation of women from oppression is crucial for fostering a more equitable and just society.

When women are liberated, they can fully contribute their talents, perspectives, and skills to all aspects of life, including politics, economics, and culture. This liberation not only benefits women individually but also lead to societal progress by dismantling systemic barriers and promoting inclusivity.

Moreover, when women are empowered, it creates a ripple effect, positively impacting families, communities, and future generations. Ultimately, achieving gender equality and women’s liberation is essential for building a more prosperous and harmonious world for all.

Sources: Sheila Wray Gregoire and Joanna Sawatsky

For more ℹ️
The Bible vs Biblical womanhood by Philip Payne critically examines the concept of “biblical womanhood” and challenges traditional interpretations of scripture that restrict the roles and authority of women in the church. Payne argues that many teachings on gender roles are based on cultural assumptions rather than biblical principles. He examines key passages in the Bible that are often used to support the subjugation of women and offers alternative interpretations that affirm the equality and dignity of women. Payne’s work is a scholarly exploration of the biblical texts related to gender and offers a fresh perspective on the role of women in the church and society.
Man and Woman, One in Christ: An Exegetical and Theological Study of Paul’s Letters by Philip Barton Payne Philip Barton Payne is a comprehensive exploration of the biblical teachings regarding gender equality and roles within the Christian community. Payne examines Paul’s letters with a focus on understanding the true meaning behind passages often used to support hierarchical gender relationships. He argues that Paul’s writings affirm the equality of men and women in Christ and that traditional interpretations promoting male authority over women are based on misunderstandings or misinterpretations. Payne provides exegetical analysis and theological insights to support his argument, offering a scholarly perspective on gender equality within the church. Overall, the book challenges traditional views on gender roles and provides a compelling case for the equality of men and women in Christ.
•Terran Williams’-How God Sees Women-explores the biblical perspective on the role and value of women in Christianity. Through a careful examination of scripture, Williams challenges traditional interpretations that have marginalized women and restricted their participation in religious life. He argues that God views women as equal partners with men in his divine plan and emphasizes the importance of empowering women within the church. Williams’ work offers a refreshing and inclusive perspective on gender equality within Christianity, inviting readers to reconsider their understanding of women’s roles in faith and society
The Making of Biblical Womanhood How the Subjugation of Women became Gospel Truth by Beth Allison Barr This book explores the historical development of gender roles within Christianity. Barr delves into the roots of traditional teachings on gender roles, revealing how they evolved over time and became ingrained as gospel truth. Drawing on historical research, Barr challenges the notion that traditional gender roles are biblical, arguing that they are instead products of cultural and theological developments. She examines key historical figures and events that shaped these teachings, shedding light on the ways in which women’s roles have been subjugated within the church. Ultimately, Barr advocates for a more egalitarian interpretation of scripture and a reevaluation of traditional teachings on gender within Christianity. Her book offers a thought-provoking critique of gender hierarchy in the church and calls for a reexamination of biblical womanhood.
Marg Mowczko’s work focuses on biblical studies and gender equality within Christianity. Through her writing and research, she explores various passages of scripture to challenge traditional interpretations that have limited the roles of women in the church. Mowczko argues for a more inclusive understanding of women’s participation in ministry, leadership, and theological scholarship. She highlights the presence of female leaders, apostles, and prophets in the early Christian church, advocating for their recognition and empowerment in contemporary religious communities. Mowczko’s work contributes to ongoing discussions about gender equality and biblical interpretation, inspiring readers to reevaluate their understanding of women’s roles in faith and spirituality.

MORE SOURCES: The IFS report that showed that conservative highly religious men were far more likely to perpetrate intimate partner violence (p. 36):
-https://ifstudies.org/ifs-admin/resources/reports/worldfamilymap-2019-051819.pdf
-https://baptistnews.com/article/do-complementarian-men-do-better-a-response-to-nancy-pearcey/
-https://leo-cruz.medium.com/nancy-pearcey-pt1-44f98c2a3602

#deconstruction#deconstructioncommunity#genderroles#biblicalfemininity#biblicalwomanhood#biblicalwomanhood#badtheologykills#calvinism#womenempowerment#women#womensupportingwomen#explorepage

Sugar, Spice and Everything Nice….

Exploring the Intersection of Gender Roles, Christianity, and Dominion Theology: A Critical Look at Contemporary Teachings

Exploring the Intersection of Gender Roles, Christianity, & Dominion Theology: A Critical Look at Contemporary Teachings 🤔

Delving into history, we explore the nuanced connections between nursery rhymes, biblical teachings on women’s roles, and contemporary controversies.

These ideas find support in movements like the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (CBMW), which advocate for complementarianism and traditional gender norms within conservative Evangelicalism.

This started the rise of New Calvinism, spearheaded by influential figures such as John Piper, John MacArthur, and Mark Driscoll, further reinforcing these gender roles.

Moreover, dominion theology, which seeks to establish a Christian-led government based on biblical law, is closely associated with these movements.

We uncover how interpretations of women’s roles in the church have been shaped by power dynamics rather than the teachings of Christ.

Nancy Pearcey’s recent controversial claim that women’s suffrage was a net loss highlights the connection between such ideologies and dominionism or Christian nationalism.

In the podcast episode, we delve into the connections between dominion theology, far-right fundamentalism, Pearcey’s controversial assertions, and more.

Join us as we unravel the complexities of gender, religion, and power in contemporary Christianity.🎙️

Tune in! 🎧

Sources:
•‘Sugar and spice’ versus ‘Frogs and snails’ – Not Only Pink and Blue
•WAITING FOR HER KNIGHT: GENDER STEREOTYPES IN FAIRYTALES – Jaipur Literature Festival
•Nursery Rhymes: A Perfect Example of the Perpetuation of Sexism in Society – Dr. Bethany Cook (doctorbethanycook.com)
•https://ifstudies.org/ifs-admin/resources/reports/worldfamilymap-2019-051819.pdf pg 36
•https://baptistnews.com/article/do-complementarian-men-do-better-a-response-to-nancy-pearcey/
•https://leo-cruz.medium.com/nancy-pearcey-pt1-44f98c2a3602 When apologetics debases historical memory | Medium
•Gottman Institute
•The Bible vs Biblical womanhood by Philip Payne
•Man and Woman, One in Christ: An Exegetical and Theological Study of Paul’s Letters by Philip Barton Payne
•The Making of Biblical womanhood How the subjugation of women became gospel truth by Beth Allison Barr

#ChurchHistory#ChristianNationalism#GenderStereotypes#PodcastDiscussion
#calvinism#biblicalwomanhood#biblicalfemininity#biblicalliving#biblicalmarriage#deconstruction#genderequality

Understanding Religious Trauma: Causes, Symptoms, and Healing

“Another wave of rejection surfaced when people either shamed us for not being in church or stopped talking to us all together. It left me wondering whether I was truly accepted by God–his people surely weren’t making me feel that way, except when I did what they wanted me to do” -Karl Forehand Out into the Desert

The Deconstruction of Christianity is something I’ve heard of since stepping into the world of theology, but I never thought I’d find myself smack dab in the middle of the movement.  #deconstructioncommunity

Disentangling or #deconstruction is a phenomenon where individuals, often within the Christian faith, critically reevaluate their beliefs, doctrines, and practices. This process involves questioning and challenging long-held assumptions, teachings, and traditions within Christianity, with the goal of arriving at a more authentic and personally meaningful understanding of #faith.

The 𝑓𝑒𝑎𝑟 of rejection from God, from others, and actual rejection from others can feel suffocating as negative emotions become all consuming.

The feeling of loneliness when working through one’s doubts, questions and the decision to move away from harmful religious teachings can feel unbearable.

#Religioustrauma refers to psychological, emotional, or social harm caused by religious beliefs, practices, or communities.

Here are some quick facts:

1. **Definition**: It encompasses experiences of guilt, shame, fear, and anxiety resulting from religious teachings, practices, or communities.

2. **Causes**: It can stem from rigid dogma, abusive religious leaders, or pressure to conform to specific beliefs.

3. **Symptoms**: Symptoms may include anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and difficulty trusting others.

4. **Triggers**: Certain events or experiences may trigger religious trauma, such as leaving a religious community, questioning beliefs, or encountering religious lingo.

5. **Treatment**: Treatment often involves therapy, support groups, and finding new sources of meaning and community.

6. **Impact**: Religious trauma can have long-lasting effects on individuals’ mental health, relationships, and sense of identity.

7. **Awareness**: Awareness of religious trauma is growing, leading to more resources and support for those affected.

“Religious trauma is the emotional and psychological damage caused by harmful religious experiences or teachings. It can result from authoritarianism, legalism, fear-based theology, and other forms of spiritual abuse.”

“Deconstruction often involves revisiting and reevaluating one’s religious upbringing, which can bring to light past trauma and contribute to healing.”

“The deconstruction movement recognizes the importance of addressing religious trauma and creating safe spaces for individuals to explore their beliefs without fear of judgment or retribution.”

“For many, deconstruction is not just about questioning beliefs, but also about processing and healing from religious trauma.”

“Navigating the deconstruction journey can be challenging, especially for those who have experienced religious trauma. It requires courage, self-compassion, and support from others who understand.”

The book When Religion Hurts you has served as a beacon of support and empowerment for those of us who are navigating the complexities of disentanglement from restrictive religious beliefs. It offers validation, guidance, and solidarity to individuals who are embarking on this journey.

Thank you @drlauraeanderson ❤️‍🩹

If you’re looking for more! Please check out these support groups:

https://www.soyouredeconstructing.com/communities

https://www.disrupted.church/becomeadisruptor

The New Evangelicals website

 #deconstructingfaith #trauma #traumainformed #traumahealing #spiritualgrowth #spiritualjourney #church #churchhurt #purityculture #faithtrauma #faith #community #growth #explorepage

 A Critique of Nancy Pearcey’s book “Toxic War on Masculinity”

“Complementarian men only do well when they don’t act out hierarchy and put aside their beliefs.” John Gottman of the world-renowned Gottman Institute.

A big part of my deconstruction process was realizing the dangerous lies behind Nancy Pearcey’s book The Toxic War on Masculinity. Which was heavily promoted by David Wolcott, Alisa Childers, Alexa Clark & Frank Turek, who are often associated with right-wing fundamentalist Christianity. 🚩It was such a disappointment to find out that this book, touted as a high quality, scholarly work, was clearly just an opinion piece full of logical fallacies, misrepresentation of research data, and poor quality (non-peer reviewed) sources.

She said “There’s no need to debate complementarianism or egalitarianism when it comes to marriage” 𝔸𝕔𝕥𝕦𝕒𝕝𝕝𝕪 ℕ𝕒𝕟𝕔𝕪, 𝕎𝕖 𝔻𝕠!

Pearcey pulls findings from Gottman’s work, citing that in both egalitarian & hierarchical marriages “emotionally intelligent husbands have figured out the one big thing: how to convey honor and respect.” Thus, she claims, labels don’t matter.

However, she omits to mention the big finding Gottman uses to frame this entire chapter: Complementarian men only do well when they don’t act out hierarchy and put aside their beliefs. You can’t claim beliefs in complementarianism are irrelevant by quoting someone who found acting out those beliefs is disastrous.

This is only ONE of the major criticisms of the book pointing to the lack of empirical evidence to support the claims made in the book, particularly regarding the alleged “war on masculinity.”

🚨 We should consider the consequences of promoting ideological narratives without empirical support. 🚨

Other concerns but not limited to:

  • Oversimplification of Gender Issues: Critics argue that Pearcey’s book oversimplifies complex gender issues by framing them as a “war on masculinity.” They suggest that this framing perpetuates a binary view of gender and fails to adequately address the diverse experiences and identities of individuals across the gender spectrum.
  • Perpetuating Gender Stereotypes: Critics contend that Pearcey’s characterization of masculinity as under attack reinforces traditional gender stereotypes and norms, which may contribute to harmful social expectations and restricts the freedom of individuals to express their gender identity authentically.
  • Lack of Intersectionality: Some critics argue that Pearcey’s analysis lacks intersectionality, as it fails to consider how factors such as race, class, sexuality, and disability intersect with gender to shape individuals’ experiences and social realities. This omission may result in a limited understanding of the complexity of gender dynamics.
  • Ideological Bias: Some critics suggest that Pearcey’s perspective reflects a conservative or right-wing ideological bias, as she tends to frame gender issues within a traditional Christian worldview. This ideological framing may alienate readers with different religious or philosophical beliefs and limit the book’s appeal to a narrow audience.

Click to watch THIS VIDEO–>Dr. Nancy Pearcey, author of ‘The Toxic War on Masculinity’ claimed in a recent podcast interview that women’s suffrage was a net loss and that Christian marriages are healthier than their non-christian counterparts. Tim brings on Sheila Gregoire, author of ‘The Great Sex Rescue’ and her co-author Rebecca Gregoire Lindenbach, along with Dr. Beth Allison Barr, author of ‘The Making of Biblical Womanhood’ to respond.

Nancy claimed in the book and on a podcast interview that women’s suffrage was a net loss!!!! This is dominionism aka Christian Nationalism.

This is a whole ‘nother rabbit hole, connected to the TRAD wife movement/conservative resurgence… let’s get into it a bit….

Beginning in 1979, the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) experienced an intense struggle for control of the organization. Its initiators called it the conservative resurgence while its detractors labeled it the fundamentalist takeover. It was launched with the charge that the seminaries and denominational agencies were dominated by liberals. The movement was primarily aimed at reorienting the denomination away from a liberal trajectory.

This led to the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (CBMW) At a 1986 meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society (ETS), Wayne Grudem gave a speech on “Manhood and Womanhood in Biblical and Theological Perspectives” in which he invited delegates to join “a new organization dedicated to upholding both equality and differences between men and women in marriage and the church.”[11] This was followed by a meeting in Dallas with Grudem, John Piper etc.  

A subsequent meeting was held in Danvers, Massachusetts; at this meeting, the Danvers Statement on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood was finalized. coining the term “complementarianism” in 1988.

This is connected to New Calvinism, also known as the Young, Restless, and Reformed Movement, is a movement within conservative Evangelicalism that reinterprets 16th century Calvinism under contemporary US values and ideologies.

The New Calvinism movement started in the 1980s, with the founding of the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood in 1987 in the United States, which stresses the complementarianism between men and women (in contrast to egalitarianism, and as opposed to feminism). The teaching of covenant theology (as opposed to Wesleyanism, or Arminian theology), a rejection of dispensationalism, and a church governance by male elders are also hallmarks of the movement.

The movement gained wider publicity with a conference held in Louisville, Kentucky, in 2006, Together for the Gospel by American pastors John Piper, Mark Driscoll, John MacArthur, Matt Chandler, Al Mohler, Mark Dever and CJ Mahaney. In March 2009, Time magazine ranked it as one of the “10 Ideas Changing the World Right Now”, while questioning if “more Christians searching for security will submit their wills to the austerely demanding God of their country’s infancy”.

Dominion theology, also known as dominionism, is a group of Christian political ideologies that seek to institute a nation governed by Christians and based on their understandings of biblical law. Extents of rule and ways of acquiring governing authority are varied. For example, dominion theology can include theonomy but does not necessarily involve advocacy of adherence to the Mosaic Law as the basis of government. The label is primarily applied to groups of Christians in the United States.

Prominent adherents of those ideologies include Calvinist Christian reconstructionism, Charismatic and Pentecostal Kingdom Now theology, and the New Apostolic Reformation. On the podcast we talk more about Dominion Theology & it’s connections to far right fundamentalists aka Christian nationalist and Nancy’s book.

🎧Tune in for more!

For further reading:
•The Bible vs Biblical womanhood by Philip Payne
•Man and Woman, One in Christ: An Exegetical and Theological Study of Paul’s Letters by Philip Barton Payne
•Terran Williams’ Book How God Sees Women
•The Making of Biblical Womanhood How the Subjugation of Women became Gospel Truth by Beth Allison Barr
•Marg Mowczko’s work

👇🏻Sources: Sheila Wray Gregoire and Joanna Sawatsky 👇🏻 👇🏻

The IFS report that showed that conservative highly religious men were far more likely to perpetrate intimate partner violence (p. 36):

https://leo-cruz.medium.com/nancy-pearcey-pt1-44f98c2a3602

MORE Resources: – Susan Ware, Why They Marched: Untold Stories of the Women Who Fought for the Right to Vote (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press) – Anita Anand, Sophia: Princess, Suffragette, Revolutionary (New York: Bloomsbury) – Manuela Thurner, “’Better Citizens without the Ballot’: American AntiSuffrage Women and Their Rationale During the Progressive Era,” Journal of Women’s History 5:1 (Spring 1993), 33-60 – Hallie Rubenhold, The Five: The Untold Lives of the Women Killed by Jack the Ripper (New York: Mariner Books An Imprint of HarperCollins) – Martha S. Jones, Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All (New York: Basic Books)

#churchhurt #SpiritualAbuse #HidingHurts #SpeakUp #BreakTheSilence #ProtectTheInnocent #HealingJourney #AuthenticConversations #CommunitySupport #FindYourVoice #ChurchDisrupted #Podcast #christian #christianity #religioustrauma #honestyheals
#deconstructioncommunity #deconstruction #deconstructingfaith #disentanglement #patriarchy #crushthepatriarchy #egalitarian #egalitarianism #complementarianism

BOOK REVIEW: When Religion Hurts You

🎙️ In this week’s podcast episode, we explore my journey of disentangling from restrictive religious beliefs and rediscovering personal faith and autonomy.

Listen here! 🎧

I want to emphasize the importance of critical thinking and personal agency in shaping one’s spiritual journey.

I believe by embracing curiosity, authenticity, and openness to new perspectives, I am inviting listeners to cultivate a deeper, more nuanced understanding of faith that is grounded in personal conviction and integrity.

This book has been truly incredible for me on my deconstruction journey. I mentioned it multiple times in this week’s episode. I cannot recommend it enough!

It serves as a beacon of support and empowerment for those of us who are navigating the complexities of disentanglement from restrictive religious beliefs. It offers validation, guidance, and solidarity to individuals who are embarking on this journey.

Thank you @drlauraeanderson ❤️‍🩹

#deconstruction#disentanglement#religioustrauma#adversereligiousexperiences#spiritualtruth#progressivechristianity#exvangelical#exevangelical#igotout_org#churchhurt#purityculture #religiousdeconstruction #faithdeconstruction #religioustrauma #deconstruction #deconstructingfaith #faithreconstruction #evolvingfaith #churchhurt #faithandmentalhealth #christiancoach #faithreconstructioncoach #toxicchristiancultures #deconstructionjourney #faithjourney #recoveringfrompurityculture #purityculture #purityculturesurvivor #purityculturerecovery #deconstructpurityculture

Faith Unbound: Navigating the Process of Disentanglement

Deconstruction is a scary world, but it doesn’t have to be. Deconstruction does not have to mean deconverting. (But it might and that’s okay too! 😉)

The deconstruction of Christianity is something I’ve heard of since stepping into the world of theology, but I never thought I’d find myself smack dab in the middle of the movement.

Disentangling or Deconstruction is a phenomenon where individuals, often within the Christian faith, critically reevaluate their beliefs, doctrines, and practices. This process involves questioning and challenging long-held assumptions, teachings, and traditions within Christianity, with the goal of arriving at a more authentic and personally meaningful understanding of faith.

Apologetics like Alisha Childers, Mama bear Apologetics or pasters like John Mark Comer are doing piss-poor jobs articulating “why” we are deconstructing and it’s truly offensive and only adding more fuel for the fire.

Is deconstruction the enemy of Christianity like Alisa, Mama Bear Apologetics, and so many others assert? please read Liz Mall’s take on this……

or listen (click here!)

There were numerous aspects that led me to begin unraveling, the real smack upside the head, realizing I was within a spiritual abusive biblical counseling relationship and program, that led me to notice the brutal similarities of abuse within IHOPKC, the scandals within the Grace Community Church & ACBC Biblical/Nouthetic counseling….

Unveiling the Shadows: Exploring Abuse and Ideology in Religious Communities

  1. Introduction:
    • Introduction to the podcast episode’s theme of uncovering abuse and harmful ideologies within religious communities.
    • Brief overview of my entire faith journey to provide context on where we started, where we were, and how we got here.
    • Exploring the Gray Area: Between Cults and High-Control Environments
    • END TIMES OBSESSION–Prophecy Belief in modern American culture concludes that while Christian fascination with the end of the world has existed for a very long time, but only recently have evangelicals label contemporary events with great self-confidence as the fulfillment of biblical prophecies heralding the End of Time has been particularly intense. Since the publication of C.I. Scofield’s edition of the King James Version in 1909, premillennial dispensationalism came to dominate evangelical thought. Also known as Dispensationalism, which can be hard to define, but one of the telltale signs is the date setting historicism of those like Hal Lindsey which I mentioned on my testimony podcast, episode who identify current events as the fulfillment of biblical prophecies.
    • The rise of the Holiness movement, Pentecostalism and fundamentalism marked a monumental development in American Evangelicalism. While these three movements were never entirely aligned in view theology, very different, they share a stress on the dangers of the world, the comforts of separated piety, the centrality of evangelism, and an expectation of the End.
    • As I was isolated during 2020-2022, I believe the process of radicalization and conversion to religion often intertwines with the allure of conspiracies. As individuals seek answers to complex questions and meaning in their lives, they may become drawn to radical ideologies and conspiratorial narratives that promise a sense of belonging, purpose, and empowerment. These ideologies may offer a simplistic worldview where the believer is part of an exclusive group that possesses hidden knowledge and is tasked with a righteous mission.
    • Conspiracies can provide a framework for interpreting the world and understanding perceived injustices or challenges. They often exploit feelings of fear, uncertainty, and distrust, portraying religious or ideological adversaries as sinister forces working against the believer’s values and identity. In this context, religion may offer a sense of community, moral guidance, and a framework for understanding the world that resonates with the believer’s conspiratorial worldview. (However, it’s important to recognize that not all individuals who embrace radical conspiracies end up converting to religion, and vice versa. Each person’s journey is unique and influenced by a combination of personal experiences, psychological factors, social influences, and external circumstances. Additionally, the relationship between radicalization, conspiracies, and religion is complex and multifaceted, with many variables at play.)
    • Generation Joshua, often called “GenJ” by its members, is an American Christian fundamentalist youth organization founded in 2003 that aims to encourage youth participation in government, civics, and politics toward conservative Christian values. Paul and Morgan are Mad About Being in the Dugger Documentary | Tim Whitaker | The New Evangelicals
    • Dangers of the “Trad Wife” movement on Instagram
    • The doctrine of inerrancy is an innovation of the nineteenth century. Rogers and McKim argued that the Princeton theologians of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, most notably B.B. Warfield, created the doctrine of inerrancy, which teaches that the Bible is entirely without error in all that it affirms. I bet you didn’t know the FACT that the inerrancy of the Bible–the belief that the Bible is without error–is a contentious topic among mainstream Christianity! Check out this book Five Views on Biblical Inerrancy (Counterpoints: Bible and Theology) 
  2. Purity Culture:
  3. John MacArthur Situation:
    • Discuss the implications of John MacArthur’s involvement, ACBC and the potential harm caused by authoritarian leadership within religious organizations.
    • Discuss MacArthur’s dismissive response to Wendy’s accusations, the confrontation and revelation of Paul Guay’s abuse, GCC’s inadequate response to the abuse, MacArthur’s involvement and contradictory statements, MacArthur’s public shaming of Eileen Gray, the elders’ dismissal of Gray’s abuse allegations, David Gray’s conviction and MacArthur’s support, Alistair Begg’s controversial advice and MacArthur’s response, and the lack of accountability for MacArthur’s actions.
    • Explore various forms of abuse, including emotional, psychological, and spiritual, and the LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY OR REFORM happening within churches and religious institutions.
    •  MacArthur’s views on slavery are HORRIFIC–listen here.
    • WHY IS IT protocol for the Church to Put a Marital Rape Victim under Church Discipline? Truly horrific protocols within the patriarchy.
  4. ACBC Biblical Counseling:
    • I was enrolled in Change that Sticks, an abusive ACBC biblical counseling program that stripped me of autonomy and treated any mental health condition as SIN that needed to be repented of, and not a real condition. Biblical counseling is dangerous, unethical and immoral.
    • Identification of manipulation and control tactics used in biblical counseling settings to exert emotional and psychological control over individuals.
    • We should consider the potential harms of relying solely on biblical counseling methods without considering professional mental health resources.
    • Call to action for religious leaders and communities to prioritize the safety and well-being of their members and address instances of abuse with transparency and accountability.
    • The key here for me to understand was that gravitating to fundamentalism after experiencing hyper-charismatic or the new age movement can make sense. Particularly during times of stress and uncertainty, we can gravitate towards the need for a sense of control & structure. The strict rules and structure create a perceived sense of safety, which is also another form of the prosperity gospel. Do these spiritual disciplines read the bible, pray, repent, etc for God’s blessing.  
  5. Mark Driscoll:
    • Overview of the rise and fall of Mark Driscoll, a controversial figure within evangelical Christianity.
    • Exploration of the allegations of abuse, authoritarian leadership, and ethical misconduct associated with Driscoll and his former church, Mars Hill Church.
    • Reflection on the lessons learned from the Mark Driscoll saga and the importance of holding religious leaders accountable for their actions.
  6. Learning more about Dominion theology & Christian nationalism. They are related but distinct movements within Christianity, both of which emphasize the idea of Christians playing a prominent role in shaping society and culture according to their religious beliefs. Prominent adherents of those ideologies include Calvinist Christian reconstructionism (Doug Wilson, Costi Hinn, John MacArthur, John Piper, Charlie Kirk) Charismatic and Pentecostal Kingdom Now theology, (7 Mountain Mandate) and the New Apostolic Reformation. How insane is it that this conservative group THRIVES on calling out “false Christians” and making a mockery of Pentecostals, while they are part of the very same theology, if not WORSE, because Council of Biblical Manhood and Womanhood/complementarianism is patriarchal and misogynistic at heart, and all of this is connected to the Lordship Salvation controversary (a rabbit hole you need to go down) and to my next point:

8. Critique of Nancy Pearcey’s book “Toxic War on Masculinity” and its assertions about masculinity and culture.:

  • Absence of evidence: The lack of empirical evidence to support the claims made in Pearcey’s book, particularly regarding the alleged “war on masculinity.” We should consider the potential consequences of promoting ideological narratives without empirical support.
  • Oversimplification of Gender Issues: Critics argue that Pearcey’s book oversimplifies complex gender issues by framing them as a “war on masculinity.” They suggest that this framing perpetuates a binary view of gender and fails to adequately address the diverse experiences and identities of individuals across the gender spectrum.
  • Perpetuating Gender Stereotypes: Critics contend that Pearcey’s characterization of masculinity as under attack reinforces traditional gender stereotypes and norms, which may contribute to harmful social expectations and restricts the freedom of individuals to express their gender identity authentically.
  • Lack of Intersectionality: Some critics argue that Pearcey’s analysis lacks intersectionality, as it fails to consider how factors such as race, class, sexuality, and disability intersect with gender to shape individuals’ experiences and social realities. This omission may result in a limited understanding of the complexity of gender dynamics.
  • Ideological Bias: Some critics suggest that Pearcey’s perspective reflects a conservative or right-wing ideological bias, as she tends to frame gender issues within a traditional Christian worldview. This ideological framing may alienate readers with different religious or philosophical beliefs and limit the book’s appeal to a narrow audience.
  • Nancy claimed in the book and on a podcast interview that women’s suffrage was a net loss!!!!! This is part of Dominion Theology

9. Right-Wing Fundamentalists aka Dominion Theology/Christian Nationalism

Key features of fundamentalism include:

•Literalism: Fundamentalists often interpret Scripture texts in a literal or strict manner

•Inerrancy: Fundamentalists typically uphold the belief in the inerrancy or infallibility of the Bible, viewing them as the ultimate authority in matters of faith and practice. Aka Biblicists

•Separatism: Fundamentalist movements may advocate for the separation of believers from secular society or from other religious groups deemed to be impure or heretical.

•Moral Conservatism: Fundamentalists often promote traditional moral values and social norms, opposing practices or lifestyles they perceive as contrary to their religious beliefs.

•Resistance to Change: Fundamentalists are often resistant to change and innovation within religious doctrine or practice, viewing such developments as departures from true faith.

•Intolerance: Fundamentalist groups may exhibit intolerance towards individuals or groups who hold different beliefs or lifestyles, leading to discrimination, ostracism, or even violence towards perceived “outsiders” or “heretics.”

•Dogmatism: Fundamentalist ideology tends to promote rigid, inflexible interpretations of religious or ideological principles, discouraging questioning or exploration of alternative viewpoints.

•Anti-intellectualism: Critics argue that fundamentalism can foster distrust or rejection of scientific knowledge, critical thinking, and scholarly inquiry, leading to a rejection of evidence-based reasoning and a preference for simplistic, black-and-white thinking

The concept of scriptural inerrancy is often associated with conservative or evangelical Christian theology, although it has been debated and interpreted in various ways within different theological traditions. Some theologians interpret inerrancy to apply only to matters of faith and salvation, while others extend it to include historical, scientific, and other factual claims made in the Bible.

Critics of scriptural inerrancy argue that it imposes an unrealistic and untenable standard on the Bible, ignoring the complexities of its historical and cultural context and the presence of apparent contradictions or discrepancies within its texts. They suggest that a more nuanced understanding of the Bible’s inspiration and authority is needed, one that acknowledges the human element in its composition and transmission.

Literary Criticism: Critics may approach the Bible as a collection of literary texts rather than divinely inspired scripture. They may analyze its narratives, poetry, and teachings from a literary perspective, examining themes, motifs, and rhetorical techniques without presupposing divine authorship or inspiration.

The authorship of 1 Timothy, along with 2 Timothy and Titus, is a subject of debate among scholars. While traditional Christian belief attributes these letters to the Apostle Paul, some scholars raise questions about their authorship based on linguistic, stylistic, and theological differences compared to Paul’s undisputed letters. These scholars suggest that these letters may have been written by a disciple of Paul or someone writing in Paul’s name.

-Linguistic and Stylistic Differences: Some scholars note that the vocabulary, grammar, and writing style of 1 Timothy differ from Paul’s undisputed letters. They argue that these differences suggest a different authorship or a later date of composition.

-Theological and Ecclesiastical Developments: Critics point out that 1 Timothy contains instructions regarding church organization, leadership qualifications, and pastoral duties that reflect a more developed ecclesiastical structure than was present in Paul’s time. They suggest that these developments may indicate a later date of composition.

  • Analysis of prominent figures in evangelical Christianity, including David Wolcott, Alisha Childers, and Frank Turek, who are associated with right-wing fundamentalism.
  • Exploration of the ideological positions and beliefs espoused by these individuals and their impact on religious communities.
  • Consideration of the broader societal implications of right-wing fundamentalism and its intersection with politics and religion.

10. Conclusion:

  • Summary of emphasizing the importance of addressing abuse and harmful ideologies within religious communities.
  • Call to action for listeners to advocate for accountability and transparency within religious institutions and to support survivors of abuse.
  • Invitation for further exploration of these topics in future episodes of the podcast.

RESOURCES MENTIONED:

Other resources to consider:

  • “The Bible Tells Me So: Why Defending Scripture Has Made Us Unable to Read It” by Peter Enns – Enns explores how the Bible’s messy and diverse nature challenges the notion of inerrancy and offers a fresh perspective on understanding its authority.
  • “Inspiration and Incarnation: Evangelicals and the Problem of the Old Testament” by Peter Enns – In this book, Enns examines the challenges of reconciling modern scholarship with traditional views of biblical inerrancy, particularly in relation to the Old Testament.
  • “The Evolution of Adam: What the Bible Does and Doesn’t Say about Human Origins” by Peter Enns – Enns explores the theological implications of accepting scientific understandings of human origins while still affirming the authority of scripture.
  • “Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why” by Bart D. Ehrman – Ehrman explores the history of textual transmission and the ways in which scribes, translators, and interpreters have shaped the biblical text over time, challenging the notion of a perfectly preserved and inerrant scripture.
  • “The Human Faces of God: What Scripture Reveals When It Gets God Wrong (and Why Inerrancy Tries to Hide It)” by Thom Stark – Stark examines instances in the Bible where God’s character and actions appear contradictory or morally problematic, challenging the idea of a completely consistent and inerrant scripture.
  •  The Invention of the Inspired Text: Philological Windows on the Theopneustia of Scripture by John C. Poirier 
  • The Creationist–The evolution of Scientific Creationism by Ronald L. Numbers
  • The Story of Christian Theology by Roger E Olson
  • The Essentials of Christian thought by Olson