Did you know that nearly one in five adults in the U.S. experiences mental health issues each year, with many of these individuals deeply embedded in religious communities? Unfortunately, within certain religious contexts, these struggles are often misunderstood or outright dismissed, leading to significant harm.

This week on the podcast, our guest explains more about Scrupulosity, a form of religious OCD, is particularly prevalent in such environments. Its debilitating effects are often compounded by biblical counseling practices that prioritize doctrinal purity over psychological well-being. This issue is glaringly evident in the teachings of influential figures like John MacArthur, whose views on mental health have had a profound and dangerous impact on his followers.

Understanding Scrupulosity

Definition: Scrupulosity is a psychological condition where an individual experiences obsessive concerns about sin and moral behavior, often leading to compulsive religious rituals. It’s a form of OCD that is frequently misunderstood as heightened piety rather than a serious mental health issue.

Impact on Individuals: The emotional and psychological toll of scrupulosity can be devastating. Individuals suffering from this condition often live in constant fear of divine punishment, leading to extreme anxiety and depression. Marissa Burt shared harrowing stories of people trapped in this cycle, where every thought and action is scrutinized under the weight of perceived sinfulness, leaving them isolated and in despair.

The Role of Biblical Counseling

Biblical counseling is a form of therapy that relies solely on Scripture to address psychological issues, often rejecting modern psychological practices. Unlike secular mental health care, which is based on scientific research and evidence-based practices, biblical counseling assumes that all mental health issues stem from spiritual problems.

The Harmful Impact of Spiritually Abusive Counseling and Complementarianism

Section 1: The Dangers of Spiritually Abusive Counseling Programs

The spiritually abusive counseling program I was part of advocated for trusting in God and walking in the Spirit, based on Ephesians 4:22-24. While this approach may seem pious, it dangerously neglected real mental health needs and suggested that faith alone could ‘cure’ conditions like borderline personality disorder (BPD).

The Reality of Mental Health Needs

BPD is a serious mental health condition requiring professional treatment. While faith can offer support, it is not a substitute for evidence-based therapy. The notion that BPD is merely a result of not being ‘Christ-like’ enough not only invalidates legitimate mental health struggles but also manipulates individuals into believing their worth is contingent on religious compliance.

The Damage of Biblical Counseling

Biblical counseling, particularly when practiced by organizations like the Association of Certified Biblical Counselors (ACBC), can be profoundly damaging. This approach often lacks nuance and sensitivity, especially in cases of marital abuse. Instead of addressing abusive behaviors, it focuses on wives’ submission, perpetuating harm and failing to uphold biblical principles of love and justice.

Research indicates that frequent causes of women’s anger include:

• Feelings of helplessness
• Not being listened to
• Injustice
• Irresponsibility on the parts of others
• The inability to make desired changes

The Flaws in ACBC’s Approach

ACBC’s counseling model relies on flawed interpretations of biblical passages and neglects psychological insights. It is authoritarian and has the potential for spiritual abuse, lacking accountability and sensitivity. The emphasis on traditional female gender norms that prioritize tenderness over assertiveness further hinders women’s ability to address unfair treatment effectively.

Complementarianism and Gender Equality

The conservative church promotes dangerous ideologies through Complementarianism, which emphasizes women’s submission to men. Historical analysis reveals that contemporary teachings about women’s roles often misinterpret or selectively use biblical passages to justify patriarchal structures rather than promoting equality and mutual respect. Critics argue that these teachings reflect human power structures more than the true message of Christ.

Critique of Biblical Counseling in Cases of Scrupulosity

This approach can be particularly harmful in cases of scrupulosity, where the condition is often mistaken for a lack of faith or moral failure. Instead of providing relief, biblical counseling can exacerbate the problem by reinforcing the idea that the sufferer must simply pray harder, read the Bible more, or repent more sincerely. Insights from Marissa Burt into these counseling sessions reveal a troubling pattern: individuals are often led deeper into their condition, with no recognition of the need for professional mental health care.

Towards Equality and Liberation

Achieving gender equality and women’s liberation is crucial for building a more prosperous and harmonious world. By examining church history and contemporary interpretations, we can challenge and move beyond outdated beliefs, advocating for a more equitable and respectful understanding of biblical teachings.

Real-Life Examples: Marissa shared examples of people who, after years of biblical counseling, found themselves more entrenched in their fear and anxiety. Instead of receiving the help they needed, they were told that their mental struggles were a sign of spiritual weakness, further alienating them from any form of relief.

John MacArthur’s Controversial Views

Introduction to MacArthur’s Views: John MacArthur, a prominent evangelical leader, has long been a vocal critic of psychological diagnoses and treatments, dismissing them as unbiblical. He argues that mental health issues are primarily spiritual problems that should be addressed through Scripture, prayer, and repentance.

Impact on Followers: MacArthur’s teachings have had a profound influence on his followers, many of whom reject necessary mental health care in favor of biblical counseling. This can lead to the worsening of conditions like scrupulosity, as individuals are discouraged from seeking professional help. Marissa Burt’s experiences highlight the real harm caused by these teachings, as people are led to believe that their suffering is a result of sin rather than a treatable mental health condition.

Marissa’s Insights: Marissa shared that within biblical counseling settings influenced by MacArthur’s teachings, there is little room for acknowledging the validity of psychological science. Instead, individuals are pushed to conform to a narrow view of spirituality, often at the expense of their mental health. This rigid approach can have devastating consequences, leaving individuals trapped in a cycle of guilt, fear, and spiritual abuse.

The Intersection of Faith and Mental Health

The Struggle for Balance: Many individuals find themselves torn between their faith and the need for mental health care. The struggle to reconcile these two aspects of their lives can be overwhelming, particularly when religious leaders like MacArthur promote the idea that mental health issues are purely spiritual.

Call for Change: It’s time for religious communities to adopt a more compassionate and informed approach to mental health. Psychological science and faith need not be at odds; in fact, they can complement each other in helping individuals achieve overall well-being. Recognizing the validity of mental health issues and seeking appropriate care is not a sign of weak faith but of a holistic approach to human flourishing.

Conclusion

Scrupulosity is a serious mental health condition that can be exacerbated by the teachings of biblical counseling and figures like John MacArthur. The dismissal of psychological science in favor of a purely scriptural approach can lead to significant harm, trapping individuals in cycles of guilt and fear.

If you or someone you know is struggling with mental health issues, it’s crucial to seek out appropriate care. Be cautious of religious teachings that diminish the importance of psychological well-being. Remember, it’s possible to maintain your faith while also taking care of your mental health.

Sources:

https://mburtwrites.substack.com/p/the-stranglehold-of-christian-scrupulosity

The statistic about nearly one in five adults in the U.S. experiencing mental health issues annually is based on general findings from sources like the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). For example, the NIMH often reports that about 20% of adults experience some form of mental health disorder each year.

• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): They provide comprehensive data on mental health statistics. NIMH Statistics
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): They offer data on mental health prevalence and its impact. CDC Mental Health

Books

• “The Doubting Disease: Help for Scrupulosity and Religious Compulsions” by Joseph W. Ciarrocchi: A classic resource that offers a mix of psychological and spiritual guidance for those dealing with scrupulosity and religious OCD.

Articles & Guides

• International OCD Foundation (IOCDF) Guide on Scrupulosity: Provides a thorough overview of scrupulosity, including treatment options and practical tips. IOCDF Guide
• “Understanding Scrupulosity” by Dr. Gregory Bottaro: Offers insights from a clinical psychologist who integrates faith and psychology, providing both professional and spiritual perspectives.

Online Communities & Forums

• Reddit’s r/scrupulosity: A supportive online community where individuals share experiences, resources, and support related to scrupulosity. Reddit r/scrupulosity
• OCD Action Forum: Contains specific sections for religious and moral OCD, allowing individuals to connect and share experiences. OCD Action Forum

Therapy & Counseling

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP): This is the gold standard for treating scrupulosity. Finding a therapist who specializes in CBT and ERP can be particularly effective.
• Faith-Based Counseling: For those seeking to integrate their faith into therapy, it’s important to find a counselor who understands both OCD and the individual’s religious background.

Non-Christian Sources

• National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI): Provides general mental health resources and information on how different settings, including religious ones, can impact mental well-being. NAMI Website
• Pew Research Center: Offers reports and data on the intersection of religion and mental health. Pew Research Center Religion & Public Life
• American Psychological Association (APA): Publishes research and articles on mental health, including impacts of religious environments. APA Website
• Secular Therapy Project: Connects individuals with secular therapists sensitive to the impact of religious settings on mental health. Secular Therapy Project

These resources should offer a well-rounded approach to understanding and managing scrupulosity, catering to a variety of needs and perspectives for anyone navigating the complexities of scrupulosity.